A typical Ag-In phase diagram is shown in Figure-1, where seven equilibrium phases exist, out of which two are intermetallic phases i.e. Ag2In and AgIn2 also known as φ and γ phases, respectively [9]. The silver solid solution of Ag-In has solubility of indium up to 21 wt. % with a wide temperature range. Contrarily, the indium rich solid solution has lower solubility of silver i.e. ~1.0 wt. % of silver. At eutectic point of 144 °C, an eutectic reaction occurs at 97 wt. % of indium. At room temperature, alloy with indium composition above 68.1 wt. % is a mixture of indium phase and indium rich intermetallic compound (i.e. φ phase) with a solidus temperature of 144 °C. Above this temperature the alloy converts to a mixture of liquid phase and intermetallic φ phase, which begins to decompose into liquid phase and the γ phase. With increasing temperature, the mixture transforms into liquid and γ phase until 205 °C temperature reaches. At …show more content…
Three alloys were prepared having 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 weight percent silver designated as hypo-eutectic, eutectic and hyper-eutectic alloys, respectively. To replenish indium losses during alloy making, a 1.5% allowance was added for charge calculations. The alloy making sequence was as follows: first pre-weighed indium shots were placed in an alumina crucible and heated to 165 °C. After complete melting of indium, pre-weighed silver filings were added in the melt and stirred with stainless steel spatula. The temperature of the melt was raised to 185 °C and the melt was kept on stirring for 10 minutes. Subsequently, the alloy was cast into copper mold. To homogenize the alloys, the ingots were cold rolled to >90% reduction in thickness and re-melted at 180 °C for 10 minutes and cast into copper mold. Finally, the ingots were again cold rolled to >70% reduction in thickness and preserved for subsequent characterization and
material Specific features Galvanized iron Sheet metal Slabs of galvanised iron are pushed into the rollers and made to pass through them Rollers made up of grey iron is mostly used for rolling process. High amount of load acting on the material which is at its recrystallization point tends to deform and then sheet metal is formed. Grey cast iron is used and it is considerably harder as it has some graphite content in its mixture which makes it hard. material Specific features iron Surface
Then the mass of the copper metal and the percentage of Cu were obtained and compared throughout different groups and a mean and standard deviation was calculated for the
In the second portion of this experiment we will keep the temperature constant and divide the ½ tablet of Alka- Seltzer into 2 pieces ,3 pieces and an unbroken ½ tablet. It is my belief that Alka-Seltzer
Petrocelli Through Lorber’s Theories Judith Lorber, a professor emerita of sociology and women’s studies at Brooklyn College and City University of New York, wrote an essay that outlines a major idea in her research; the behaviors that humans think of as “natural” to men and women. Her research in the essay From Believing is Seeing: Biology as Ideology can be used to analyze the reactions and responses in an article by Matthew Petrocelli, Trish Oberweis, and Joseph Petrocelli titled Getting Huge, Getting Ripped: A Qualitative Exploration of Recreational Steroid Use. Through the analyzation of Petrocelli’s article the thesis, due to society forcing a way of looking and acting onto people they will be forced to extreme lengths to fit society’s standards. 2 basic 2 compound 1 periodic 1 cumulative 1 parallel 1 fig of speak 1 work cited In Lorber’s essay she makes the claim “Once the gender category is given, the attributes of the
Glacial acetic acid and acetic anhydride were added to the mixture while refluxing, which converted the lime colored solution into a clear mixture. The flask was cooled in an ice bath and the solution
The four test specimens are all made from cold drawn steel. When steel is cold drawn, the crystal structure changes and creates stress. The stress in the grains can be reduced by the process of annealing. Quenching creates small stresses because carbon does not have time to escape. The annealing process is when
Slagle’s see’s resilience as a struggle between good and evil, which can be seen in religious traditions, myths, the arts, and everyday conversation; it is these universal themes that attempts to guide us in matters for social order as well in times of disorder. The drive to rise above characterizes the human condition. How we interpret personal experiences is a central part in how we deal with adversities. Personal theories of reality about oneself and one’s world, developed over time and generally outside of awareness, serve as a filter through which we perceive, interpret, and respond to experiences (Janoff-Bulman & Timko, 1987). The capacity to meet challenging demands and to stand up to disruptions depend on inborn and learned skills,
Hardening is carried out by quenching steel, which consists of cooling it rapidly from a temperature above the transformation temperature (A?). The quenching is necessary to suppress the normal breakdown of austenite into ferrite and cementite (pearlite), and to cause a partial decomposition at such a low temperature to produce the new phase called martensite. To achieve this, steel requires a critical cooling velocity, which is greatly reduced by the presence of alloying elements. In such case hardening of steel occurs with mild quenching. Martensite is a supersaturated metastable phase and has body centered tetragonal lattice (bct) instead of bcc.
It is more important to give a special kind of attention to the corrosion behavior differences of the coatings, to ensure that the new coating is an acceptable as alternative. For instance, recently many zinc-nickel alloys have been utilized for replacing cadmium layers but due to their difference in corrosion behavior, various issues arise. Zinc-nickel alloys exhibit confined corrosion and cracking, whereas cadmium layers are susceptible to uniform corrosion. Anyhow the dissimilarities in corrosion behavior will play a vital role when providing the necessary corrosion protection
Ideally, controlling the quenching process by changing the heat boundaries to minimize the distortion with the additional aim of satisfying residual stress and surface hardness distribution. (Heat treating) This experiment will be conducted on quenched, zinc coated steels. Knowledge of the phases of the carbon steels and knowing the properties of the different steels can be very beneficial in manipulating the heat treatment process to best suit what is desired. There are several impacts that should be noted about quenching a material.
Sublimation means that the particles of a solid do not pass through the liquid state because its particles have enough energy that they form into gas. It is made by first filling up a high-pressure container with liquid carbon dioxide. It is then sealed tightly. After it is opened again, the liquid expands at high-speed. The evaporation of carbon dioxide then cools the excess of the liquid down to freezing point.
With several recent outbreaks of new types of viruses, such as, Zika, Ebola, and Hepatitis, I wanted to research the basic types of mathematical models to see the rate at which a virus is transmitted. To understand the complexity of viruses, I first needed to understand what an epidemic was and the basic types of growth models. Upon my research, I found that there was a lot to cover with these growth models, so I constrained myself to the models known as the Exponential and the Logistic models. Lastly, Dr. Antoniou suggested that after analyzing these models, which are differential equations, we should move to a whole new topic which was not covered in our Differential Equations class; the Phase Plane Analysis. First, an epidemic is the rapid spread of infectious disease to a number of people, in a given population.
Stainless steels history: “Stainless steels have been discovered by England and Germany in 1910, but the practical application and production began in the United States in 1920. Until 1990, stainless steels were applied extensively and became more are more popular.” Nowadays, “it is not a doubt that stainless steels are an important class of alloys, and they are used in many different fields. In normal like cooking tools, even in complicated machine like space vehicles”
Powder metallurgy is defined as the process of mixing of powder materials in some desired ratio, compacting the powder mixture to some higher pressures in a compaction die so that the bond formation would takes place followed by the sintering process at higher temperatures (nearly around melting temperatures) so as to achieve sufficient strength. The resulting parts are solid bodies of material with sufficient strength and density for use in diverse fields. Highly porous parts, precise high performance components and composite materials can be produced by P/M route. P/M offers compositional flexibility, minimized segregation and ability to produce graded microstructures with varying physical and mechanical properties. P/M also offers advantages
They are 1. Austenitic stainless steel – austenite iron structure is stabilized when nickel is added with it. At low temperature such steel almost be low brittle and non magnetic due to this crystal structure. In stainless steel composition sufficient quantities of manganese has been added to preserves the austenitic structure in steel same as like nickel but cost is low. 2.