Summary Of Steven Shapin's The Scientific Revolution

The historical changes in thought and belief to change in social and institutional organization period, between the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Isaac Newton is Scientific Revolution. As many historians declare that, the Scientific Revolution began with Copernicus and ended with Newton 150 years later. The later half of this century saw minds such as Descartes, Newton, Leibniz, and Galileo begin to change scientific thought. The Scientific Revolution provide a good exercise for people think. The Scientific Revolution began during the 17th century and became a catalyst for a new philosophy, economics, politics and religion, that permeated every level of human society and placed the emphasis for change on humanity rather than intangible

The Scientific Revolution occurred roughly between 1550 and 1700. Some people also refer to the time period to be between the lives of Nicholas Copernicus and Issac Newton, to state who the revolution started with and who it ended with (Hatch). It doesn't mean there aren't changes to our scientific processes today, this was just a time period in our history that has recorded information of large changes happening often. The changes were very large and many people were against the views of the men who made the changes/discoveries. Since people put their religion first, the sudden views that made God nonexistent were immediately ignored by citizens and courts ordered many scientists to stay in their homes at all times.

The scientific revolution made a vast impact on everyday lives, it caused computers, phones, and other items to be invented. This revolution has caused many conflicts, and with these conflicts it had changed the way people lived and made many people question life. The revolution had made many benefits for people and there were also some people that were harmed during this time. The scientific revolution had many different actions that caused wonderful objects to be invented and allowed people to know more about the world. Different actions were done to create the scientific revolution similar to when the societies developed conflicts, such as when Copernicus made the solar system, how the conflicts changed the societies by the church going against people, the people who experience harmed such as Galileo, and the people who benefitted from the change such as other boys.

Scientific research seems very factual and straight-forward. In reality, science deals with uncertainty, something that, when not used in the right way, creates weaknesses. The uncertainty of scientific research allows scientists to explore intellectually as well as creatively, and “venture into the unknown” to create the known. In his account from The Great Influenza, John M. Barry uses formal diction, strategically placed rhetorical questions, and an appeal to logos to characterize scientific research.

Political, religious and social factors heavily impacted the work of scientist in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Governments where funding the sciences and were placing more emphasis on science and the arts. States wanted to show an abundance of wealth by causing the arts and sciences to Flourish (Doc 11). States where establishing academies for letters and sciences, therefore more and more people were learning about science (Doc 11). Louis XIV was a big parton of the sciences, he established the French Royal Academy and he showed pride in supporting the sciences (Doc 10) Science and Politics were happy with each supporting each other.

During the 16th and 17th century, Europe had just experienced the Age of Exploration and the Renaissance which encouraged people to continue to question old ideas and seek out answers on their own. The printing press is now a tool to spread new ideas like wildfire, assuring that anything published will be widely seen. In addition, nation states are competing for power and wealth and there’s no better way to do that than to learn about the sciences to create new ways to solve problems, thus making money and gaining influence in the world. This is what started the Scientific Revolution, a movement where scientists challenged old ideas and came to their own conclusions by experimenting with and studying their surroundings. While politicians and

During the seventeenth century, many of Europe’s diverse and numerous countries were going through countless political, economic, and cultural transformations. The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment were two of the greatest, most important changes of the early modern era which greatly altered the course of history in most of Europe. People were starting to question and challenge widely accepted beliefs and applying approaches to knowledge rooted in human reason to the physical universe and human affairs. The study of history often focuses on these events and its effects on Europe, excluding or ignoring its effects on places outside of Europe. The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment both sparked interests in science in China and

The scientific revolution is important because it brings to light two fundamental ideas “observation and evidence”, this forced man to compare the physical traits of human forms, this brought about the differentiation between blacks and whites. According to West philosophy in collaboration with science helped bring theory to reality. Philosophers Bacon and Descartes believed that philosophy brought a new standard of knowledge and that observation and evidence were at the center of the scientific method (West pg. 52). The classical revival of the Greco ideas of beauty that was used to measure what is considered beauty. In J.J Winckelmann’s “History of Ancient Art”.

When the renaissance emerged from the middle ages, it brought new ideas of thought to the surface. Individuals like Leonardo Da Vinci proposed that to achieve a fuller understanding of God and the universe one must understand the natural laws and mathematics that govern it. During the 16th and 17th century in Europe, religion and politics affected the Scientific Revolution because there was no separation of the two in science, this is why the Church restricted scientific progress and politics pushed for scientific improvements for personal gain. Up until this point, religious scripture was undisputed.

Throughout the 19th century, a great deal of men emerged themselves in the sudy of nature and the discovery of unknown land. Focusing on transformation in scientific idea across a variety of subjects, those scientists raised the period of great advance in science, known as the Scientific Revolution. Even if much of scientific products expanded the knowledge and encouraged of different thinking, but some of scientific products were too power to destroy the nature resulting in posing a threat the community. In the novel Frankenstein Mary Shelley demonstrated that the creature transformed himself from longing for love to seeking revenge on humanity as whole. Humanity, knowledge and loneliness all lead to his corruption and tragedy through his emotional distortion.

The Scientific Revolution showed that a rise in observations and conclusions became an acceptable source of knowledge and truth, where it had been less so in earlier

The Scientific Revolution “refers to historical changes in thought & belief, to changes in social & institutional organization, that unfolded in Europe between roughly 1550-1700” (Hatch). This revolution was a time to replace

Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon were both the children of modern thought and modern science. They tried to revolutionize the old scholastic way of thought and learning. Descartes was considered the first modern philosopher and Cartesian philosophy won many followers in the 17th century. Bacon, too, was highly influential and his theories on the organization of the sciences had a great effect on the sciences in his time and into the future. So Both Descartes and Bacon had great roles in the Scientific Revolution.

“God, who has given the world to men in common, has also given them reason to make use of it to the best advantage of life and convenience” (Locke, 35). The Scientific Revolution concentrated on understanding the physical world through astronomical and mathematical calculations, or testable knowledge. The Enlightenment focused more on “Spreading of faith in reason and in universal rights and laws” (Worlds Together, Worlds Apart, 535). While the Scientific Revolution preceded the Enlightenment, both time periods sought to limit and challenge the power of the Church, through the spread of science, reason and intellect, and political philosophies. The Scientific Revolution began with Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1542) and Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) wanting to understand the movement of the planets beyond what they authorities had told them.

The rise of scientific inquiry opened new vistas before human mind. ( Bacon’s formulation and statement of the new scientific method. ) All these lead to a new spirit of inquiry into the realities of nature. Man started to believe more in himself. He thought that he would conquer the entire world with his supreme gift of rationality.