3.1.1 Physical-chemical parameters
The temperature of the reactor was stable at about 30 (±5)°C. Immediately after filling the reactor the pH was 5.5 and after one day the pH increased to 6.3 due to the addition of methanogenic leachate of pH 7. Afterwards the pH decreased progressively from 6.2 to 5.5 during the first 200 days. After day 200, pH increased steadily up to 7.3 at day 400 and remained steady until the end of the experiment at day 700. Conductivity increased from 22mS cm-1 to 36mS cm-1 due to the dissolution of salts into the leachate. The conductivity reached its lowest level (9.5 mS cm-1) at day 700 and seemed to increase towards the end of the experiment (day 700). The dissolved oxygen was depleted during the first two weeks of operation reaching values that fluctuated between 0 and 0.1 mgO2 L-1
3.1.2 Biological parameters Production of biogas started slowly during the first 180 days of operation, where approximately 3 m3 of biogas were produced, mainly composed of CO2. However from day 180, the biogas production started to increase dramatically until day 500, in which period the biogas composition changed to 65%CH4 -
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Ammonia levels decreased drastically within the period between day 400 and 430 to values in the range of 0.79g L-1 and remained constant the next 300 days. Finally, ammonia levels dropped in the last stage of the experiment to values around 0.6g L-1. No NO3-, NO2- or NH3 were detected on incidental measurements before day 350. However, NO3- was detected in minimal quantities (2 -5mg NO3-L-1) from day 350 up to an average of 30mg NO3-L-1 at the end of the experiment. Since the total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) was composed of 75 - 80% ammonia, which was identical to a large extent of ammonia trend. Organic nitrogen was low and showed a decreased trend towards the end of the
Some of our results for the Dissolved Oxygen tests were 12, 11, 8, and 7. Those were the results of our teams Eutrophication
Eutrophication is the excessive nutrients in a lake or body of water, frequently due to runoff from the land, which causes a dense growth of a plant life and death of animal life from lack of oxygen. We tested for phosphate, nitrate, and dissolved oxygen. Phosphates and Nitrates are found in fertilizers, laundry detergents, and sewage treatments. Dissolved oxygen is microscopic bubbles of gaseous oxygen that are mixed in water and aailable to aquatic organisms for respiration. We found that there was a phosphate average of 0.1 parts per million (ppm).
The built-in probe in the chamber measured the dissolved oxygen concentration in the chamber’s water (mg/L), which could reflect the oxygen consumption rate of goldfish. After the fish accommodated to the new environment, the oxygen concentration data were collected every 20 seconds for 10 minutes by the Logger Lite program. The data were then plotted into a scatter chart and analyzed with a linear trendline, to obtain
Oxygen was being consumed and carbon dioxide was being released because the water level in test tube “G” continued to
BEST WAY, NUCLEAR In 2008, Bruno Comby published an article, "The Benefits of Nuclear Energy" which was about energy resources, especially nuclear energy. He thinks that nuclear energy is the best energy resource from every point of view. Comby points out that the pollution that occurring due to fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) and contribution to greenhouse effect. He thinks that renewable energy resources should replace fossil fuels.
“Hydrogen bomb or H-bomb, is a weapon deriving a large portion of its energy from the nuclear fusion of hydrogen isotopes. In an atomic bomb, uranium or plutonium is split into lighter elements that together weigh less than the original atoms, the remainder of the mass appearing as energy. Unlike this fission bomb, the hydrogen bomb functions by the fusion, or joining together, of lighter elements into heavier elements. The end product again weighs less than its components, the difference once more appearing as energy. Because extremely high temperatures are required in order to initiate fusion reactions, the hydrogen bomb is also known as a thermonuclear bomb.”
Intro: Water pollution has caused so many problems to our waterways that no one really knows how to help. Water pollution caused; dead zones, oil spills, garbage floating around, and unsafe drinking water. People disagree about water pollution because, people have found ways to improve and help out the problem that water pollution has caused around the world. Others believe that that water pollution has created situations and are in the process of figuring out solutions. Marine life habitats are getting destroyed, marine life is declining everyday, how and where the garbage is getting into the oceans, and the drinking water is becoming seriously unsafe to drink.
A fortune 500 company, the Valero Energy corporation deals in the manufacturing and marketing of petrochemical products, power and transportation fuels. The company has nearly 16 refineries spread across the USA, UK, Caribbean and Canada and has its headquarters in USA. From the time of incorporation in the year 1980, Valero has featured among the top employers of choice in the fuel industry. It considers and treats its employees as their success factors and provides many benefits which help them to grow personally and professionally in the organization. The culture of the organization is to provide for the needy and care of others which shines through in their employee benefits package.
3.1 Heat Pump A heat pump as shown in Figure 3.1 is a device that provides heat energy from a source of heat to a destination called a "heat sink". Heat pumps are designed to move thermal energy opposite to the direction of spontaneous heat flow by absorbing heat from a cold space and releasing it to a warmer one. A heat pump uses some amount of external power to accomplish the work of transferring energy from the heat source to the heat sink.
The impact on our planet from greenhouse gas is well known and so is the need for clean sustainable energy. Biolite creates a positive footprint by developing new clean energy technologies. The company is able to measure its own C02 emissions and for every 1 ton of C02 they produce they offset 19 tons through customer use of the HomeStove. To date Biolite has been able to offset over 126,000 tons of C02 and at the same time has helped generate over 101,000-watt hours of electricity.
Governments strive to discover methods of efficient energy production in a world of widespread and excessive energy consumption. In addition, Scientists continually revolutionize the methods of generating energy. During World War II, scientists were the first to utilize a previously discovered method of nuclear fission, or harnessing power from radioactive elements. In this process, the nucleus of an atom is split, releasing energy. Now, this technique is utilized in nuclear power plants to produce 10.9% of the world’s energy ("World Statistics").
Mineralization of carbon and nitrogen in soil are caused by soil organisms that eat organic matter (Meister,
As Viet Nam’s agricultural structure is broadening through each year, the country is facing environmental problems because of the raise in waste materials. Therefore, Biogas can be considered as an ideal solution to decrease the amount of matter found in not only dump sites, landfills but also farms and cattle houses. The Biogas production also help decrease soil and water pollution, which the process of Hydropower generation can not
There are many chores that are performed at homes. Cooking has become a chore for most women in the modern society. You will realize that in many families, the husband and the wife have to meet financial obligations. This makes them spend more time at work and so on. This means that there is scarcity of time and this has made cooking duties to become a problem.