Compare And Contrast The Biomedical Model Vs Biopsychosocial Model

Brett Speck Professor Ramos Psychology 140 25 October 2015 Prospective Memory Impairment in Long-term Opiate Users: An Annotated Bibliography Terrett, G., Mclennan, S., Henry, J., Biernacki, K., Mercuri, K., Curran, H., & Rendell, P. (2014). Prospective memory impairment in long-term opiate users. Psychopharmacology, 2623-2632. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-014-3432-6.

Hi everyone, I have decided to write my paper on an article called "The Likely Causes of Addiction Has Been Discovered, and It Is Not What You Think. " This article was in the Huffington Post and is written by Johann Hari, the author of "Chasing The Scream: The First And Last Days of The War on Drugs." In this article Johann Hari talks about how addiction is caused be a chemical dependency, or so everyone has thought this for all these years. Chemical dependency is caused by a chemically in-balance in the brain, where when one experiences pleasure, serotonin 's are released into the brain which is more like a natural high. Now when a person takes a drug, the drug then replaces those serotonin 's and the brain no longer can produce

The inevitable fact that addiction is a harmful disease and the recovery process is lifelong that consists of various stages of relapse raises a serious question. What is the duty of an addict in the jurisdiction towards the society? In the light of the legal standard, patient who is competent and incompetent is evaluated through the relevant questions of his or her desires at the present time, a living will, and the legal capability of forming a will. Furthermore, drug-addicts may be currently not competent but were formerly competent, and to explore the variable of declaration of the desires with regard to extraordinary means of treatment, is necessary (Harris, 2008, p. 244).

Identifying and understanding these factors that influence an additions onset, severity, and course is different from diagnosing addictions. The DSM has a separated diagnosis from etiology. Essentially this concept gives practitioner a better understanding of the factors associated with an individual’s addiction. An effective treatment and prevention efforts consider the range for factors involved and address those most likely to yield results that are beneficial for the particular person or

Beautiful Boy: A Story of Addiction Through the Family’s Eyes Addiction is defined as, “a chronic but, treatable brain disorder.” The relentless need for drugs is trait an addict cannot control, since the make up of their brain has been altered. This in turn causes psychological and behavioral changes they cannot normalize. Recovery is the hardest part of addiction and many times individuals relapse and go back to using substances.

When I asked that question most people simply respond because “addiction runs in families”. Yes, that is true but we cannot link that soley back to an individual’s biological makeup. Families often share more than just biology. They share the same social circles, culture, attitudes and beliefs. This leads me to the question is it the genetics that sparked the addiction or the way the individual was socialized?

As a young girl, I simply thought that doctors just treated diseases. When one was sick they went to the doctor, the doctor diagnosed them and gave them a suitable treatment. However, as a first year medical student I now know that this is not the case. In modern society doctors don’t treat diseases- they treat the people who have the diseases. It’s not just medical students or people in the medical profession who know this- modern society as a whole has come to accept the fact that doctors are no longer medical scientists but carers who put their patients needs first and not the disease or illness they may have.

Despite the seemingly blatant root of addiction, that the affliction is the fault of drugs on the biochemical level, a more obscure, more habitual factor is at fault; the environment. As much as it may seem that we can place the blame upon the shoulders of those who are willfully partaking in such damaging habits, in reality it is more the fault of the environment the abuser finds themselves thrust in. As one is raised in a tumultuous environment, in which they know not what is happening nor why it is happening, drugs can seem to be a welcome escape. Be it anywhere from rats in an electrified cage overdosing on morphine, to prisoners confined to solitary confinement, drugs are sought after to alleviate the horrid circumstances. A Psychologist by

(Brick, 2004, para 3). When a substance enters a human body it affects more than just the stomach, liver, or brain, it affects the entire body. Every human body was designed with a purpose and plan by God. Depending on the person, there is a decision of whether to take care of the body and follow that plan. In summary, addiction and substance abuse can affect the entire quality of a person’s

The awareness of stress was increased after World War II when it was noticed that many routine life events like examinations, growing up increases stress and leads to dysfunction (Lazarus, 1993). The word stress was used by Hans Selye for the first time to explain the effects of threats that disturbs homeostasis (Chrousos, 1992; Selye, 1978). Walter B. Cannon explained the role of adrenal glands and sympathetic nervous system in maintenance of body equilibrium after exposure to threat. Hans Selye’s observation -” common feeling of being sick” in patients with different diseases laid path for definition of stress. He defined stress as a set of non-specific responses collectively called as” General Adaptation Syndrome”.

Agrawal, A., Verweij, K. J. H., Gillespie, N. A., Heath, A. C., Lessov-Schlaggar, C. N., Martin, N. G., Nelson, E. C., Slutske, W. S., Whitfield, J. B., & Lynskey, M. T. (2012, July 17). The genetics of addiction-A translational perspective. Nature News. https://www.nature.com/articles/tp201254 3. This source states that addiction is a disease that constantly relapse.

The Biopsychosocial Model The biopsychosocial model of health care allows medical practice to be understood completely in terms of biological, psychological and social factors. The model suggests that every illness can be explained and treated by an interaction between these three factors. The model was proposed by George L. Engel, the Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Rochester, where he challenged the previously prevailing medical model, called the biomedical model, and argued for the introduction of a biopsychosocial model. The biomedical model had viewed illness purely from a pathophysiological perspective, suggesting that every disease could be explained from a biological standpoint.

Chronic stress really ruins your body, Acute and Episodic have a small effect, but can still be dangerous if not taken care of. Common effects of stress on the body are headaches, chest pain, fatigue, stomach upset and at risk for a heart attack , it is also proven that being stressed can bring on or worsen diseases (Mayo 1). The first symptoms are usually the physical symptoms, noticing pain that hasn’t happened before. As time goes on and the stress gets worse, people will start to see mental and behavior changes in their everyday life. With the behavior changes in the body, it is hard to control what is happening.

Drug abuse is caused by psychological, genetic as well as environmental factors and can have significant damaging effects on health. Psychological factors are associated with the development of drug abuse. Drug abuse often occurs

All these characteristics led to the conclusion that drug addiction is a chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use. It is considered as a brain disease because drugs change the structure of the brain, and how it works. Every drug affects different systems of the brain. For example, in the case of cocaine, as the brain is adapted in the presence of the specific drug, brain regions responsible for judgment, decision-making, learning, and memory begin to physically change, making certain behaviors “hard-wired.” In some brain regions, connections between neurons are pruned back.