Chemical Synthesis Essay

The penny, a coin in the United States is valued at one hundredth of a dollar, or one twenty-fifth of a gumball. Over 1.65 trillion pennies have been produced by the United States Mint for circulation since 1792. The United States penny should be taken out of circulation from the United States economy because pennies cost more to make than what they are worth on its face value. The high amount of penny production has led to a large consumption of metals including zinc and copper. Additionally, inflation has caused the penny to have little to no value in today’s economy.

GAIRANOD, Princess Jeanne R. BS Biology, 2011 – 37638 Synthesis Paper: Shigella flexneri The genus Shigella includes four different species – Shigella boydii, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei, and Shigella flexneri. Several serotypes occur for each species based on O - antigen variations (Jennison & Verma, 2004; Morona, et al., 1995). Members of the genus are gram-negative, highly infective facultative intracellular pathogens, recognized as etiological agents of bacillary dysentery (shigellosis) (Kotloff, et al., 1999; Sansonetti, 2001).

AP Chemistry enthralled me with its indecipherable French theories and alphabet of Greek formulae, for my studies transmuted these into poignant prose. Information that had once seemed impossibly complex soon flowed from my mind as effortlessly as a pleasant conversation with a friend, and I began tirelessly consuming the material as though I had been starving for it. Cravings which had been subconsciously growing in me since childhood were relieved with a feast of answers: The fundamental concepts of existence revealed in a humble high school classroom. Soon, the only thing more insatiable than my curiosity was my ambition to apply this newly-acquired knowledge to the aching problems of the world. Studying the very building blocks of the universe

In order to determine the significance of the data found in these trials, statistical analysis tests were performed. A significance value of 0.05 was selected and after running the statistical analysis tests, both the Young’s modulus and elastic toughness had a significant value of less than 0.05. The null hypothesis was then rejected, confirming that our data was acceptable. After comparing the Young’s modulus and elastic toughness of neoprene and silicone to skin, it was determined that silicone would make the best skin substitute. Skin has a Young’s modulus of 0.05 to 3.51 MPa [2].

Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to identify given Unknown White Compound by conducting various test and learning how to use lab techniques. Tests that are used during this experiment were a flame test, ion test, pH test, and conductivity test. The results drawn from these tests confirmed the identity of the Unknown White Compound to be sodium acetate (NaC2H3O2) because there were no presence of ions and sodium has a strong persistent orange color. The compound then will be synthesized with the compounds Na2CO3 and HC2H3O2 to find percent yield.

At a chemical synapse, an electrical signal (AP) is transformed into a chemical signal (neurotransmitter) and thereafter is (re)turned back into an electrical one (AP). Thus the signal can move across the synaptic cleft via or as a neurotransmitter before it is turned back into an electrical signal (AP) at the receptor cell. This conversion process not only assures the inter-neural conduction of signals, but also their modulation (change). Depending on what kind of neurotransmitter is released and then docks at its postsynaptic receptors, either an excitation or an inhibition will be produced. An inhibition results in a hyperpolarization.

The data table provided below obtained melting point data for crude product, pure product, and mixture of the pure and 4-tert-butylbenzyl. 12. The TLC data obtained is provided in a table below. The TLC data was conducted solely in a 9:1 hexane/ethyl acetate solvent solution as opposed to the 1:1 and pure hexane solution as well. This was due to the lack of time, but as explained in number 7, a very polar solvent (1:1 solution) or non-polar solvent (pure hexane) is not ideal when obtaining

My hypothesis for this research project is that the longer the sugary material stays on teeth, the greater the growth of bacteria is in the mouth. To test my hypothesis, I designed and ran an experiment using sucrose to test for the bacterial growth in the mouth. To do this experiment blood agar plates, sterile forceps, mouth wash, candy, and swab sticks were used in this experiment. I used blood agar plates because “blood agar is an enriched medium that supports the growth of fastidious microbes, because many pathogen including S.Mutan have special dietary needs.

The ratio of propylene glycol to water in the mixture used was 2:5, 1000 Watts per square meter of total solar irradiance, ambient temperature of 20°C, wind speed of 2 m/s and a diffuse irradiance of 110 Watts per square meter, the average temperature of collector fluid was lower than 100 °C and a volume flow rate ranging from 5 to 25 Liters per

2. GRAPHENE FABRICATION TECHNIQUES Fabrication of graphene can be divided into two different approaches. They are bottom-up and top-down approaches. Bottom-up methods involve synthesizing graphene from alternative carbon containing sources, whereas top-down methods involve breaking apart the stacked layers of graphite to yield graphene.

The purpose of this experiment is to visually and demonstrate the concepts of electrochemistry between chemical reactions and electricity. Through the oxidation and reductions, concepts I will be able to identify the oxidation-reductions agents with the substances Copper (II) Sulfate and magnesium substances to demonstrate which agent they are as well looking at the movement of electrons once a chemical reaction is occurring, which can be oxidation loss of electrons or reduction a gain of electrons. For constructing the experiment combining 2.01 grams of Copper sulfate, 10 Ml of HCL and 1.03 grams of magnesium I was able to visualize the reaction and oxidizing agent. While performing this lab I observed the initial solution was very cloudy

25BHS suggests to read tAfï[]me (“from doing”) with 1QIsaa and LXX. Whether we follow BHS proposal or the MT reading, the meaning of the line remains the same since in poetic parallelism the preposition ! mi in v. 13a (tB'V;m)i governs the following line (v. 13b). However, the BHS proposal is a more a plausible reading because of tAfï[]me in v. 13e. 261QIsab, Theodotion, Syriac, Targum, and Vulgate read ^yc,Þp'x] (pl.) as ^c.p.x, (sg.).

Hair is seen as a very important feature on both genders in many generations throughout the years. Hair is a dead cell and is made of keratin that is a tough protein. In the hair bulb, living cells divide and grow to build the hair shaft. A cause of hair loss is stress, illness, genetics etc. In order for hair loss to be avoided, hair should be nourished from the inside and out.

Nofal et al synthesized a series of 1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-3-(substituted)-2-propen-1-one (Scheme 6). Claisen-Schmidt condensation of 2-acetylbenzimidazole and 2-acetyl-1-methylbenzimidazole led to the formation of 1-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)but-2-en-1-one which on condensation with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 5% ethanolic sodium hydroxide yielded 2-(4,5-dihydro-5-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazol-3-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole. Some of the selected synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anticancer potential in the two cell lines, HEPG2 (human liver carcinoma cell line) and PC12 (pheochromocytoma of the rat adrenal medulla). Acetaminophen, a known hepatotoxin used as positive control, was tested at concentrations

Chemists and Materials Scientists 2 Chemists and Materials Scientist ¨Researchers find that nearly 70 percent of Americans are on at least one prescription drug, and more than half receive at least two prescriptions.” (Study shows 70 percent of Americans take prescription drugs, June 2015). It truly does sound absurd; over half of the American population has a need for medication to stay running smoothly. If anyone here would like to learn about what chemists and materials scientist do, how much they make, or what it takes to become one, this is the place.