Class Boundaries Of Work During World War I

Australian History SAC Plan Divisions in Australian society virtually disappeared during the crisis of World War I. All were united in a common cause. To what extent do you agree with this statement? “Australia will rally to the mother country to help and defend her to our last man and our last shilling”. On the eve of total war, then-opposition leader Andrew Fisher rallied the new nation around those words.

In her article, “Three Inventories, Three Households”, Laurel Thatcher Ulrich argues that women’s work was crucial not simply for subsistence but that “women were essentials in the seventeenth century for the very same reasons they are essentials today-for the perpetuation of the race” (Ulrich 51). She believes, women were expected to do everything. They were not only to take care of the children, but they were also cook, clean, raise the greens and ranches. Mainly, women plays important role for the survival and continuation of life.

The article addresses the changes of gender roles during World War One. Women support the war in different occupations at that time, such as drivers and factory workers; more job opportunities are open for women since the abled men were at war. That indicates a huge change in the patriarchal society. This can be related to some characters in the novel. Sally Seton is a rebellious and free-spirit woman, that is shown, “how they were to reform the world”

When did this pay gap begin? In World War II, men went off to war, while women stayed behind in charge of doing their work, plus taking care of the children. The National War Labor Board urged employers in 1942 to “voluntarily make adjustments that equalize wage or salary rates paid to females while the males where at war” (Brunner and Rown). Employers did not follow this request, and women lost their jobs as veterans returned. In the early 1960’s, newspapers printed jobs according to sex, with almost all the higher-level jobs listed under: “Help Wanted-Male”(Brunner and Rown).

World War I started in the heart of the Progressive era. The Progressive era was a time of efficiency, economic growth, and skill. By “1914 [the United States had] produced over one-third of the world’s manufactured goods,” (Foner, 680) making the U.S. “the leading industrial power” (Foner, 680). Europeans had already “complained of an “American invasion” of steel, oil, agricultural equipment, and consumer goods” (Foner, 680). At this time, America had both the economy and population to produce enough soldiers, supplies, and money to win any war.

In the Gilded age or the start of the industrial era, women and children were forced to leave their homes and try and get jobs in factories that were fit for them. This era created many new job opportunities than before. The number of women who now had actual jobs had increased drastically. Even though all these jobs had opened up women were only seen fit to do small tasks such as desk jobs that require little knowledge and skill to be able to do. Women forced into the work force tended to be poorer struggling individuals whose children were bound to labor as well.

These workers faced dangers everyday and received little pay. At the same time, many other people also had more money and leisure time. Henry George’s book, Progress and Poverty, talks about this divide. “ It was as though an immense wedge were being forced, not underneath society, but through society. Those who are above the point of separation are elevated, but those who are below are crushed down” (Document 3).

The societal and political atmosphere for women was severely limited; women were expected to be homemakers and were frowned upon for working outside of the home if they were married1. They could

The life in the 19th-century for labor worker was from far easy. With all the wealth being generateing during the Gilded age very little of its wealth were given to the wokers. Even the best wages for a industrial worker were low, with long hours, working in awfully poor conditions. With safety rules and regulations being unexisted, it was hard to blame employers responsible. It was worse for women and children, who worked as hard or even harder than men, often time only revcieved only but a fraction of what a man earned.

Before the the industrial revolution work and family were basically the same thing. Work was based around home and the family life. After the revolution began families were taken out of the home and put into factories for mass production of goods and services. Families were split because of the demands of the factories. To maximize production hours were lengthened to meet requirements.

The industrial revolution was an impactful era for humanity’s advancement, all over the world. People becamse eager to find faster and easier ways of doing everyday tasks, and began inventing in the 1760’s. England was the first to begin the textile revolution, which was the mass production of cloth in mills and factories. The role of women in the textile industry was significant because of their agility and smaller hands. Soon after England’s revolution, Japan followed along, about a century later in the late 1800’s; through their emperor:

De Tocqueville does see that “I know of no country, indeed, where the love of money has such a grip on men 's heart. [... ]The business in America is business.” (Spence, 1989:150) Literary, work is something attached as male habits or as a backbone to family. Meanwhile on the female side, habits to maintain something they care mostly found rather than they work at office to fulfill life as authority.

In that sense, Nicholas and Oxley (1993 page; 723) show that the “changing position of women in the family and labor market as traditional forms of production declined”. This is more difficult to get used to this situation because women both emotionally and physically weaker than men. So that we can also say the reason behind the impact of Industrial Revolution on women both negative and positive sides because of this transformation is not a simple thing. Nicholas and Oxley (1993) say that there are some debates on the shifting position of women both in family and labor market and they are asking the question of whether industrial revolution increased or reduced the position of women. While we look at the both positive and negative effects of the revolution, we will see whether it reduced or increased the position of women.

Commonly, it has been assumed that women’s right to work in old times was being abused for a long time. As a core role of householder, women had less as well as lack opportunity to engage in paid work (Speak, 2012). Things had changed when more women participated in social movements and had work experiences. In short, the historical development of feminism planning can be divided into different stages by the changes of gender division of

They would also often become homemakers considering women didn’t have a wide selection of jobs as men did. If women were to ever acquire a better job, they would hardly make business being that men didn’t want to have a female to overpower them. In chapter seven and eighteen of Worlds Together, Worlds Apart by Elizabeth Pollard, there were two documents I found interesting. The