Classical Conditioning

Chapter 6 Question E In classical conditioning, whether we are human beings or animals, our first learning is acquisition. Classical conditioning happens upon the appearance of 2 stimuli put together, this occurs effortlessly and unconsciously. Acquisition is the link of the unconditional stimulus and a conditioned stimulus. US, stimulus that produces a reply without previous knowledge.

1.Classical conditioning is a learning process first discovered by the Russian physiologist Ivan Petrovich Pavlov in the early 1900s. The theory of Classical Conditioning deals with the learning process leading us to gain a new behavior via the process of association. Internal mental thoughts and brain mechanisms play a huge role in associative learning. Classical Conditioning works by pairing involuntary response with stimulus. After which, unconditioned response becomes conditioned response.

It was around this time that Pavlov and Watson stated that the main piece of classical conditioning was the repeated pair of conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus. Robert Rescorla stated instead that maybe is where the conditioned stimulus provides the info that allows the organism to predict the appearance of the unconditioned stimulus. Biological predispositions

The major key findings that were discovered in this study include the idea that it is possible that after being conditioned to react to a certain stimulus, the subject could possibly begin to generalize different objects that may cause the subject to react the same way towards the generalized stimuli as the subject did to the original stimulus. Another finding is that classical conditioning is something that could potentially have a long lasting effect on someone, especially if the subject formed a generalization to the original stimulus. The researchers felt that because of the lack of experimental evidence provided about the subject before this experiment prompted them to research it

According to Rathus (2015) classical conditioning is basically learning to identify occurrences or events with other events (p. 125). My aversion with seafood and classical conditioning is associated with the smell of seafood. When the aroma of seafood is around, I will immediately breathe out of my mouth, or flee to another space. Chapter Six

Nevertheless, Pavlov 's theory of classical conditioning is somehow extreme, as it reduces

I did not tell myself to close my eyes or flinch, the response was automatic and unlearned. Another example of classical conditioning would be when I decided to set my favorite song as my alarm clock tone to wake up for school in the morning. My initial thought was that I would wake up in a happy, upbeat mood because the first thing I would hear is my favorite song. However, I was completely wrong.

INTRODUCTION Have you ever thought on how people explain about behaviour? How do we know when learning process has occurred? Learning is permanent change that happened in the way of your behaviour acts, arises from experience one’s had gone through. This kind of learning and experience are beneficial for us to adapt with new environment or surrounding (Surbhi, 2018). The most simple form of learning is conditioning which is divided into two categories which are operant conditioning and classical conditioning.

Link to reality: Both Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning and Pavlov’s theory of classical conditioning can be used every day in an ECCE setting. Today many school systems and childhood authorities follow Skinner’s and Pavlov’s theory by using the approach of positive reinforcement. This encourages good behaviour in the child making the behaviour more likely to be repeated again as they are rewarded and praised for their efforts in reading, writing and general learning. It is important that children’s efforts in a learning setting are rewarded as this will encourage the child to perform to the best of their ability.

Now whenever I step foot in my house after school (the new conditioned stimulus) it makes my mouth water and me hungry (conditioned response). My example of classical conditioning was created by Ivan Pavlov on the idea that stimuli that previously didn’t cause a response elects a response after being associated with a meaning. 2. One time at my tennis lessons I began to feel a pain in my wrists. My first thought was to brush it off because if I told my coach, she would make me sit out and rest/ice my wrists, and I didn’t want to stop playing because I was having fun.

This school of thought suggests that only observable behaviors should be studied, since internal states such as cognitions, emotions and moods are too subjective. There are two major types of conditioning: 1. Classical conditioning is a technique used in behavioral training in which a naturally occurring stimulus is paired with a response. Next, a previously neutral stimulus is paired with the naturally occurring stimulus.

Watson proposed that the process of classical conditioning (based on Pavlov’s observations) was able to explain all aspects of human psychology. The theory of classical conditioning involves learning a new behavior through a process of association. Meaning that two stimuli are linked together to create a newly learned response. There are three stages of classical conditioning, before conditioning, during conditioning and after conditioning (Mc Leod, 2014). Watson’s theory also involved the conditioning of emotions.

My most vivid stimulus I would have to say is the smell of a pipe. Growing up I spent a lot of time with my poppy (grandfather) and he was always smoking a pipe. When he was not smoking it he smelled of it. When he was not around and I would smell a pipe I thought of him and thinks that we talked about. I would say this would be classical conditioning.

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are two of the most common techniques when trying to persuade or influencing any complex organism. Classical conditioning is the process of using stimuli to create a response. There are many examples of classical conditioning but advertising has the most adverse effect on humans. For example: a car company wants to sell a their product to males and they use attractive women to do so. The women are the unconditioned stimulus and the feelings men get when they see the women is the unconditioned response.

Conditioning is a theory used in behavioural psychology in which a reaction (reflex) to a particular stimulus can be reshaped through learning. The use of conditioning firstly began through studying animals, Skinner is an example of a psychologist who studied conditioning in rats. Skinner used behaviour shaping to obtain a desired response. In this case, it was for the rat to press a lever in the Skinner box which would then result in the release of a reward (food pellet) which is a type of positive reinforcement. When the rat realises that the lever is associated with receiving a food pellet, the likelihood of the rat pressing the leaver gradually increases.