Srinivas Chandran Prof. Adam Hill History Midterm October 8, 2015 List A: Question 2 The Columbian exchange became a major factor in the development of the “Old World” and the “New World”. The Columbian exchange started during 1492 between major European powers such as the Spanish and Portuguese and the Native Americans of the Americas. The exchange was started by Christopher Columbus, who is the person who discovered the Americas. The Europeans brought plants, animals and diseases along with them to the “New World” (Americas), plants such as wheat, barley, oats and grapes were brought in by the Europeans. Furthermore, they brought in animals such as horses, cattle, pigs and sheep and in return took back precious metals and few crops such as …show more content…
In the course text, there is a note which states the thought of Adam Smith, who is the father of economics. Adam Smith states that an acre of potatoes has the three times the quantity of food produced from an acre planted with wheat. The plantation of potatoes were quite inexpensive when compared with plantation of wheat and he further adds that the potatoes are generally considered poor man’s crop as it was affordable by the laborers, who worked in the plantation. Adam Smith was very much interested in potatoes as it made a significant impact in the economy by increasing the population and the rents more than before. Maize is another crop which made a significant impact in France. It is also considered as a poor man’s crop according to John Locke, who says that the poor not only can feed on maize for food but also provide it for nourishment to their cattle. Another note in the course text states that sweet potatoes were taken into the Chinese markets secretly from the Philippines in the mid-1700. The Chinese governor Jin Xue-zeng asked his people to grow sweet potatoes during the famine in China. Sweet potatoes were considerably cheap according to the Chinese back then and it was available to everyone from children, old people to even beggars. The …show more content…
Slavery became widespread in the Ottoman Empire after the conquering of Constantinople. As per the Ottoman Law, it was not legal to enslave a Muslim even though, it was legal to have slaves from other religions as it was an Islamic Empire. As the Ottoman Empire expanded children from other religions were abducted from their families at very young age and were fostered in Turkish families. These children were provided with knowledge about battles and were trained into effective soldiers. These slaves shouldn’t own properties nor marry and have children. They were very much dependent on the Ottoman Sultan. Unlike other empires which had slavery, the Sultan made high priorities to provide education to the slaves and provide them with an opportunity to raise their status in the society. The Ottoman slaves were allowed to be part of the military, government and trade activities on behalf the Sultan. Janissaries was a high standard military force of the Ottoman Empire and were mostly made up of slaves from other religions. Janissaries were recruited for the bureaucracy of the Ottoman Empire. Chief Ministers of the Ottoman Government were usually slaves. These slaves were highly paid than even certain Muslims, who were part of the Ottoman Government. The opportunities provided to the slaves helped the
The Columbian exchange made and changed history by bringing two completely different worlds that were once very unrelated, as one. The worlds that had grown apart with very unalike life form, started to become unvaried. The Columbian Exchange refers to a time of botanical and ethnic trade between the two worlds. A huge biological change occurred due to travelers introducing items to the other world. Exchanges of disease, plants, and animals, changed the Native American and European way of life.
Slavery had a key role in the cultures of Muslim and European people. The documents provided, after being analyzed, tell that the thoughts about slavery from each culture were different. The documents also state that the reasons for the differences in the opinions about slavery were because of religions and basic cultural ideals. Nevertheless, there were some similarities between their slavery. One of the most important is the social status of the slaves.
Initially, following the conquest of the Aztecs, the main goal of settlers was to extract gold and other raw materials such as silver and lumber. But, this soon changed when the land was found to be fertile and the demand of cash crops such as tobacco, sugar, and cotton became increasingly popular in Europe in the early seventeenth century. The Columbian Exchange not only led to an exchange of animals, diseases and people, but crops such as sugar and tobacco and luxurious items such as silk and beer that were highly desirable. Latin America traded crops such as sugarcane and cotton in return for African slaves and luxurious items because slaves were largely needed to work on sugar plantations and produce crops to be traded for reasonable
Columbian Exchange: The Americas When European mariners set sail in order to discover new trade routes to the Asia, they stumbled upon an entirely new region. From Columbus landing in the Caribbean, to Cortes landing in what he called New Spain, it opened up even greater possibilities for the people in the Western Hemisphere. The new voyagers began to settle in conquered regions of North, Central, and South America. As they established trade routes and posts, they began to transport and share new cultures and people, animals, crops, and even diseases.
The Columbian Exchange was an exchange of goods and ideas between the Old World and New World. It was caused by Christopher Columbus sailing to the New World and introducing new goods and ideas to the Native Americans, beginning an exchange. The long term effect or significance of the Columbian Exchange was that both the Old and New World were introduced to new goods and ideas that are now standard and hard to think of without. For example, The Old World introduced grapes to the New World, and the New World introduced peanuts to the Old World, and that's where we get peanut butter and jelly from.
and it was produced in Europe. Potatoes can grow in cold and in thin soil. This was perfect for European climate. It went widespread as a food of choice and for peasants. Ireland’s climate allowed it to grow abundantly that the failure of the crop lead to the Irish migration to the America’s.
Many years ago, a continental drift split North and South America from Eurasia and Africa. As they remained separated, new species of plants and animals developed and evolved on each continent. The Columbian Exchange was a period of physical exchanges between the Old and New worlds. The Old and the New worlds exchanged diseases, populations, crops, and animals. All of these exchanges were brought to the Americas after Christopher Columbus’ voyage to the Americas.
Not only did they get new crops to survive in the Old World but they got new slaves and gold. Both which they had no right to take and conquer. Some of the most important crops that helped Europe overcome their food storage. The potatoes, for example were one of the most important crops in the exchange that helped them .Columbus had only one goal in mind that helped him achieve such success, which was to purely seize and conquer the New World . They also gained new slaves, which mostly died on the trip to the Old World.
The Columbian exchange was a sort of bridge between two very different cultures and, as Alfred W. Crosby said, it was very hard to find any crops that the two civilizations (the Old World and the New World, so to speak) shared. Horses, wheat, pigs, sugar cane, rice, and grape vines -- along with many other things -- could only be found in the Old World. Likewise, corn, sweet potatoes, alpaca, peanuts, and tobacco were all from the New World. Some of these things, wheat, rice, and corn in particular, are staples nowadays and we would be in trouble if something happened to one of those things. As Crosby said, “[Wheat] is one of Europe’s greatest gifts to the Americas”.
However, in the 17th and 18th century the potato was a startling novelty. Compared to other crops such as wheat the potato is much more productive. Because potatoes grow underground, they are not limited by the rest of the plant. The same can not be said for crops such as wheat. If wheat grows to high then it can tip over and will be destroyed.
As the Europeans were not very accepting of these crops for example the potato, the hit it off real well in the New World. Demand was high and it didn’t cost much to raise them in these conditions rather than the different climates that Europe had to offer these plants. It shaped the lands, and became its number one food
The Columbian Exchange affected Europe and The Americas similarly between 1492 and 1750 because of the exchange of new plants and animals, but some environmental and demographic impacts on The Americas and Europe were opposite from each other, with Europe benefiting from new crops and The Americas suffering from disease and deforestation. One similarity in the effects The Americas and Europe saw during the Columbian Exchange was an introduction of new plants and animals between both worlds. In regards to plants, The Americas were introduced to plants such as sugar cane, bananas, and onions, while Europe was introduced plants such as corn, potatoes, and vanilla. In regards to animals, The Americas were introduced to animals such as cattle, sheep, and horses, whereas Europe was introduced to animals such as turkeys.
Slavery was never a matter of racial or cultural inferiority; it was just a difference in social status. Because of this social system, the wealthy, elite citizens owned about half of the slave population. Since slaves were often acquired through military conquest, there were wholesale dealers that followed the Roman Army (Roman Empire). Provincial tax collectors would also bring slaves from various
Although they are slaves some of them farm their own land and work for themselves. Owners are usually descendants of the slave’s ancestor’s owners. Slaves are able to acquire wealth. For example, Karafa Cissé of Dar Silamé owned a large herd of cattle and may have even been the richest man in the entire village. Slaves also attend mosque side by side with people of other caste and they are equally devout Muslims.
These slaves do a lot of different works including domestic servants, soldiers, and field workers, and they help these religions to flourish and become wealthy (Hine 27). Moreover, slavery is also popular in other powerful empires such as