Comparing The Nuremberg Code, Good Questions, And Types Of Research

In the survey we asked if

Ethics throughout science are very controversial as they are the model of distinguishing between right and wrong throughout all aspects of research. Throughout Honeybee Democracy and The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks we are given an insider’s perspective to the ethics, or the lack there of, regarding the ongoing research and the researchers conducting it. Although the books cover very different subject matter, there are divisions of their research and within their individual ethics that are almost indistinguishable. One of the most highly debatable and common questions of ethics stems from the idea of whether it is acceptable to sacrifice lives for science.

The job of the “Commission was to identify the basic ethical principles that should underlie the conduct of biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects and to develop guidelines which should be followed to assure that such research is conducted in accordance with those principles.” (The National Commission for the Protection of Human

The Belmont Report is now a required read for all participants involved in human research (ZZZ).   The Belmont Report addresses three ethical principles for human research participants.   One ethical principle is respect for the person.   Respect for the person requires medical researchers to obtain informed consent from study participants.   Additionally, the participants must be given accurate information about their circumstances and treatment options so they are allowed to decide what happens to them(ZZZ).

Some of the reaming Nazi’s got what they deserved, justice. The Nuremburg Trials were two phases of the trails and happened through November 21, 1945-Aprial 13, 1949. The purpose of the Nuremburg Trials was to punish the German Nazi officers and leaders for what they did. According to the article “Nuremburg Trails”, by author William Young, “The Nuremburg Trials prosecuted political, military, and economic leaders of Germany after World War II,” (Young). This means that the trials at Nuremburg found the German political, military, and economic leaders guilty of the charges they committed before, during, and after WWII.

The Nuremberg Code was created in response to the Nuremberg Trial; it is a set of ten standards which must be followed when experimenting on humans and involves the necessity of voluntary consent, the avoidance of participant suffering during the experiment, proper preparation, and other decisive rules which stand as the basis for modern ethical review. Freyhofer notes, “The code protects human subjects from abuse by guaranteeing certain safeguards…” (Freyhofer 103). Medical critics agree the Nuremberg Code has led to more secure medical practices and

Clinical trials have been a boon to modern medicine by broadening the knowledge surrounding disease plaguing the human race and providing a tangible measure of the success and symptoms of treatments to combat these diseases. However each progression in science comes with unintended consequences, in the case of clinical trials it was corruption at the expense of the human volunteers. The Tuskegee Study, conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service and Tuskegee Institute in 1932, is an infamous example of clinical trials crossing the ethical line. However what is ethics? As noted by The Basics of Social Research by Earl Babbie, ethics are a social construction and subjective.

“A Question of Ethics” by Jane Goodall and “Animal Research Saves Lives” by Heloisa Sabin presents two sides of the same coin in regards to Animal testing. Thereby, questioning the validity or necessity of animal research and testing today. In “A Question of Ethics” by Goodall she presents a scenery of the living conditions of the animals which are often isolated; posing the ultimate questions of, whether animal research is essential to medical research? Or How many tests are performed only to conform to laws and not out of scientific merit? The Suggestion was made that scientists should explore alternative options, such as testing on cell and tissue cultures.

In the United States Constitution, it declares that all American citizens have a “right to a fair trial” (HG.Org, par 1). What does the word “fair” even mean? According to Merriam- Webster “fair” is defined, “marked by impartiality and honesty: free from self-interest, prejudice, or favoritism,” (Merriam-Webster, Par 1). In court terms, that means the plaintiffs and the defendants both deserve an equal trial. This was a huge controversy from November 20th, 1945- October 1st, 1946 a.k.a.

I. INTRODUCTION On 8th August, 1945, shortly after the end of World War II in May of 1945, the Allied governments entered into a joint agreement establishing the International Military Tribunal for the purpose of trying those responsible for the war atrocities. Whereas some 5,000 Nazi’s were charged with war crimes, the Nuremberg trials were designed specifically to prosecute high ranking Nazi officials with whom the authority for the commission of heinous atrocities rested. The Nuremberg Trials would therefore be marked in history as one of its kind.

Attached is a copy of the survey which details the survey questions.

Specific Purpose: By the end of my speech, the audience will know about the problem of conducting experiments on animals and the ethical issue of the cruel treatment of animals by the researchers. While the problem of conducting experiments on animals draws attention of the society, the speech would present the limitation of animal experiments and outline the alternatives. Central Idea: 1. Conducting experiments on animals has become one of crucial ethical issues of the modern society and it has even been banned in some countries.

Michelle Fortner Mrs. Rachid and Mrs. Arteaga Reading 8 – 1 25 November 2014 Nuremberg Trials–Questions 2 and 3 What authority was given to the International Military Tribunal? Choose five defendants and give the following information. Who were they and what position did they hold during the war? What were their crimes?

When it comes to scientific methods, there are a variety of ways in which one can reach their goal. Of course, there are certain rules that one must follow when it comes to scientific research. The foremost of these rules is to abide by a certain code of ethics. In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein disregards the ethics of research, preferring to accomplish his goals without thoroughly thinking of the consequences that might arise from creating life for the dead. Of course, he wasn’t the only one ignoring the ethical guidelines of research.

Any study that involves subjects concerning human beings should be approved first from the ethics committee before being effected (Chiarelli & Cockburn, 2002). Further, if the paper ever sought for ethical approval is not being mentioned in any section of the article concerning its ethical issues. This is one of the pitfalls noticed at the beginning of the