Concept 3.1 Nucleic Acids Are Informational Macromolecules

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule found in all forms of life that is passed down from parents to offspring. What makes each DNA unique is the chemical makeup of the molecule sometimes referred to as the “blueprint of life.” (BIO). DNA is made up of nucleotides consisting of a sugar, a phosphate and a base pair. About six million nucleotide base pairs make up DNA in each cell.

Cofactor- Molecules that aren’t proteins nor organic, but help make the reaction go faster when they connect to the active site. 9. competitive inhibitor- prohibits the reaction from taking place by going into the enzyme’s active site so the substrate can’t. 10.

Introduction: Enzymes are needed for survival in any living system and they control cellular reactions. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the energy needed for molecules to begin reacting with each other. They do this by forming an enzyme-substrate complex that reduces energy that is required for a specific reaction to occur. Enzymes determine their functions by their shape and structure. Enzymes are made of amino acids, it 's made of anywhere from a hundred to a million amino acids, each they are bonded to other chemical bonds.

Each amino acid is made up of an amino group, a carboxyl group and a side chain (Reece, J. B., Urry, L. (2016). Campbell biology. Boston Pearson). Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy of the reaction making the reaction produce faster. Enzymes begin to catalyze chemical reactions with the binding of the substrate to the active site on the enzyme.

Enzymes are proteins that significantly speed up the rate of chemical reactions that take place within cells. Some enzymes help to break large molecules into smaller pieces that are more easily absorbed by the body. Other enzymes help bind two molecules together to produce a new molecule. Enzymes are selective catalysts, meaning that each enzyme only speeds up a specific reaction. The molecules that an enzyme works with are called substrates.

All enzymes are under the class of protein biomolecule. Amino acids are the basic units that are combined to make up an enzyme. The biomolecule that stores information is a Nucleic Acid. The specific 3-D region within an enzyme is called the active site. The chemical

Enzymes act by converting a starting molecule called as substrate into different molecules called as products. Almost all chemical rection in an biological cell need enzymes. The basic mechanism by which enzymes catalyze chemical reactions begin with the binding of a substrate to the active site on the enzymes. The active site is the specific region of the enzyme which allows substarte to combines

In order for an enzyme to carry out these functions it must work in conjunction with molecules such as substrates that are specific for each type of protein, and Pilar Feldbush General Cell Biology February 12, 2015 Lab Section K Lab 5: Enzymes coenzymes which aid in transporting the substrate to the protein’s “active site” (a hole or groove designed to fit only a specific type of substrate). Once attached, the protein can now move on to its destination, whether it be to the bloodstream, digestive system, or any other organ within the body. The ability for the substrate to attach to the enzyme is what allows the enzyme to hold and maintain it’s shape, which in turn directly impacts it’s function. The shape of an enzyme can be altered through the process of denaturation (the unraveling of the protein). Denaturing occurs when an enzyme is exposed to higher temperatures of heat and causing it to break the weak bonds that hold the molecule together.

Enzymes are globular proteins folded into a complex 3-dimensional shape that contain a special surface region called the active site where specific substrate can bind structurally and chemically. They act as catalysts, meaning that they are substances which lower the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur and therefore increases the rate of the reaction. Activation Energy is the minimum energy barrier needed to be overcome before a reaction can occur by providing an alternative reaction pathway.

Enzymes display importance of structure, as when certain conditions affect the structure of the active site, the enzyme could denature, disrupting the whole reaction. Key processes such as DNA replication, respiration, and photosynthesis all of which involve enzymes, if the active site structure is not highly specific to the substrate, due to being denatured it affects the whole

They form between 25–50% of the protein-coding genes of the multicellular organisms. The chicken lysozyme gene is an example of a solitary protein-coding gene with four exons and three introns. A genes family, on the other hand, is a group of genes bearing similar features as DNA’s building blocks (nucleotides) (Galluzzi 126). They contain instructions for making new products such as proteins. In some cases, genes are grouped together to form a family on the basis of product-protein interactions to achieve a certain

“The process is the making of a recyclable, workable copy of DNA, but in the form of RNA.” DNA has 4 nucleotides. (Nucleotide is linked to a phosphate group) Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine. Adenine goes with thymine (A=T) and Cytosine goes with Guanine (C=G). The nucleotide bases are the genetic code (DNA and RNA molecules that carry information in the cells.)

It is an important step in restoring health and well-being by helping to remedy to digestive problems. Food (plant) enzymes and pancreatic (animal) enzymes complement to boost digestion and absorption of essential nutrients. Enzymes are protein molecules which are used (like catalysts) by different parts of the body to perform all of its chemical reactions converting substrate into product. Catalysts are simple inorganic molecules. The human body, typically, makes 22 digestive enzymes capable of digesting carbohydrates, sugars, proteins, and fats.

Enzymes are proteins that lower the activation energy needed for a chemical reaction in the body. The chemicals that they act on are called substrates. When combined with their substrates, the enzymes decrease the amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur. Enzymes are similar to a lock and key, because one enzyme can only work on a specific substrate, just like only one key can fit into a lock. Each enzyme has an ideal environment, and if the environment of an enzyme changes, the enzyme’s ability could decrease.

Enzymes are a type of protein, so their monomers, is amino acid, which means it consists of polypeptides as its polymers. Enzymes are an important part of an individuals’ general health. They are more important than both vitamins and minerals. The function of an enzyme is to speed up any chemical reaction in the human body; the human body has many reactions going on in it at once. Chemical reactions would take a million times longer to get its products than it does without Enzymes.