Describe the function of the heart, cardiac cycle and circulatory system
Function of the heart
The heart is a muscular organ that pumps and circulates blood throughout the body via a transport system of arteries and veins and capillaries. As the blood circulates throughout the body it supplies oxygen and nutrients to the tissues as well as removing carbon dioxide and harmful waste products (Tucker, 2015).
The structure of arteries
Arteries have thick muscular walls and a small lumen passage. According to L. Tucker they are constructed with three layers:
• A fibrous outer layer
• A middle layer of muscle and elastic tissue
• A lining made of squamous epithelial tissue
The epithelial lining has a smooth surface to reduce friction and
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The walls of veins are far thinner and the lumen passage much larger. The walls are not muscular and blood is pushed through the vessels by the action of skeletal muscles. Veins carry deoxygenated blood (dark red) to the heart, except for the pulmonary veins which carry oxygenated blood. Blood pressure is very low in the veins, so there are valves in the endothelial layer which prevent the back flow of blood (Tucker, 2015).
The structure of capillaries
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body. The walls are only one cell thick and porous, which allows the passage of oxygen to body tissues and collection of waste products, mainly carbon dioxide and urea. They also deliver nutrients (e.g. sodium and potassium) and hormones to body tissues. The blood is brick red in colour because it has oxygen and carbon dioxide. I understand this from reading L. Tucker’s book.
The cardiac cycle
The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events that occur when the heart beats. According to L. Tucker, the following occurs during the cardiac cycle:
• The left and right atria contract, forcing blood into the
The Pintails heart is like a mammals consisting of four chambers, two ventricles and two atria. The left ventricle pumps blood to all major organs in the body and throughout the rest, only excluding the lungs. This causes the left ventricle to be larger and more muscular. The lungs are fed blood from the right ventricle, which is the only the only function of that ventricle. The oxygenated blood coming from the lungs is fully separated from the oxygenated blood coming from other parts of the body.
Arteries deliver oxygenated blood to the capillaries, where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. An artery's muscle helps it expand and contract in rhythm with the heart beating to keep blood moving through the system. Capillaries connect veins and arteries to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. Thin and weak, capillaries are only as thick as one epithelial cell. Blood passes through capillaries one cell at a time, single file.
The functions of the human cardiopulmonary system can be broken down into two, circulatory system and the respiratory system. The main goal of these two systems is to maintain homeostasis in our body. Homeostasis can be described as a type of condition where the internal continuity of an individual has to keep steadiness, regardless of any external changes from the outside environment. External changes from the outside environment may include factors such as excitement, stress, exercise, diet, and much more. Exercise can be carried out because the human body can endure a high level of exercise during a prolonged period of time.
There are three main types of blood vessels that help blood flow through your heart. They are Arteries - They carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart to all of your body tissues. Which get smaller and smaller the farther they get away from the heart. Capillaries - Which Are small thin blood vessels that connect the arteries and the veins together.
Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood for the body due to a weakened or damaged heart. The heart 's pumping action moves oxygen-rich blood as it travels from the lungs to the left atrium, then on to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body. The left ventricle supplies most of the heart 's pumping power, so it 's larger than the other chambers and essential for normal function. (American Heart Association). In left-sided or left ventricular heart failure, the left side of the heart must work harder to pump the same amount of blood.
The cells include red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. The red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs and give blood its red color. The white blood cells fight infections. The platelets help form clots to stop bleeding in case of a cut.
The catheter is then has electrodes at the end of it. These electrode are then used to destroy the small parts of the heart that is causing the arrhythmia. Also, an atrioventricular node (av) ablation can be performed. This procedure uses a catheter to destroy certain tissues (av node) in the heart that allow the atria to send electrical impulses to the ventricles. After the atrioventricular node is destroyed a pacemaker is then put into place in order to allow the continuation of electrical impulse to the ventricles.
If a person does not have a cardiovascular system that is in good working order, it can be a fatal situation. Along with pumping blood to the body, the cardiovascular system also brings oxygen and nutrients to all of the different organs and tissues within the body. As our blood makes its circuit journey from the heart to the extremities and then back to the heart, waste is removed from the cells as well. For the cardiovascular system to function at an optimal level, it needs to be healthy and fit.
The left ventricle is the primary pumping chamber, and heart failure normally begins on the left side. At the point when the left ventricle can't contract enough, it is called systolic heart failure. At the point when the left ventricle can't load with enough blood, it is called diastolic heart failure. You can have a blend of both sorts of heart
File one Summary: Skeletal muscles are made out of striated subunits called sarcomeres, which are made out of the myofilaments actin and myosin. Skeletal muscles contain myofibrils. Every myofibril is striated with dull and light bands. I bands contain just thin fibers, made fundamentally out of actin.
The epimysium encloses each muscle fiber(fascicle) in a layer
Three activities are performed that best illustrate how the cardiovascular system works. The activities have to do with listening for heart sounds, and feeling for pulses in peripheral locations on the body, such as wrist or arm. The reason heart rate is determined is because the quality of the pulse, the regularity and strength, is usually an indicator of cardiovascular function. Blood pressure is also measured indirectly, such as with a medical instrument. The arterial blood pressure is taken because it determines the heart’s condition the health of the blood vessels.
In other words, the increase in stroke volume occurs as a result of improved ventricular force of contraction. Heterometric and homeometric control governs myocardial force of contraction. While homeometric control is independent of the myocardial fibres length at the end of diastole, heterometric control depends on this length of myocardial fibres at the diastole end and is mainly influenced by the venous return (Agarwal et al. CC06). The respiratory pump, as well as venoconstriction skeletal muscle pump, influences the rise in venous return during physical activity.
The objective of this experiment is check how heart chambers, vessels and valves of the heart help the heart to achieve its function of pumping blood all over the body. In addition, this experiment would help us understand the double circulation of blood and reasons why it is vital for mammalian organisms. Due to the complexity of mammalian organisms, the exchanges of substances such as oxygen, nutrients and hormones cannot rely on diffusion itself (Kent, 2013). The transportation
In the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach, gallbladder, and colon smooth muscle is found.