In this paper I aim to examine the differences and similarities in the Weimar and Dessau Bauhaus periods by looking at the designs that are specific to the aforementioned movement. I intend to do this through the exploration of the formal and stylistic characteristics of the chosen design examples of the said movements. An analysis and discussion will accompany this paper in which the argument presented in this paper will be validated. The design examples to be discussed are textile pieces by Gunta Stolzl (Untitled, Fig.1) and Anni Albers (Triple, Fig. 2), interior designs by Walter Gropius (Walter Gropius’s Office, Fig. 3) , (Director’s Office, Fig. 4), and Marcel Breuer’s furniture designs (Wassily chair, Fig. 5) and (B33 chair, Fig.6). …show more content…
The school’s curriculum, which was devised by influential artists and designers of the time, placed a lot of emphasis on craft and inspired students to use their hands. This can be seen in the work of Gunta Stolzl. Figure 1 shows a textile design piece by her that is woven by hand. The influence of the arts and crafts movement can be seen in this piece through the use of vivid colour and the combination of flowing curvy lines as opposed to the work of Anni Albers (Fig. 2), a student of the school in Dessau. Unlike Stlozl she uses a less striking colour palette of subdued browns, golds and silver to create a monotonous wall hanging. The use of simple shapes and repetition in the work create rhythm and balance, much like something that could be mass produced or made by a machine. When the school moved from Weimar to Dessau, due to political pressure brought on by the Nazi regime, its focus changed completely. It no longer had craft at its core but rather placed more emphasis on practicallity and function, therefore producing works that a more …show more content…
Though originally a school of art it later came to embrace all other forms of designs. The school’s foundaTI Though the Bauhaus has its roots in Weimar, where it operated from 1919 – 1925, it was in Dessau that before it made its move to Dessau in 1925, finally ending up in Berlin in 1932 due to political pressure brought on by the Nazi government. The reason for this, as Forgacs points out in her book; The Bauhaus Ideas and Bauhaus Politics , was that the school perpetuated communist values and did not adhere to Nazi morals and characteristics. Despite all this, the Bauhaus principles and influence thereof still managed to permeate through the rest of Europe and America. The shift in the geographical location of the school also meant a shift in the approach to design. This resulted in the stylistic differences that can be seen in the work of Marcel Breuer The Bauhaus in Weimar tended to lean towards more experimental approaches to design, which increased exponentially during Germany’s defeat in World War 1, whereas the Bauhaus in Dessau favoured rationality in which the form followed the function (Willet,1984:
They wanted to show off their power by confiscating art that did not agree with the Nazis Party’s ideas and definition of art. They also wanted their own art collections. Since Hitler had an obsession with art, it helped define German society during that time. The bigger and better your art collection was, the higher your social rank was (Vermin). Hitler even had a book made on stealing art.
This essay will explore the significance of didactic design in the Early Christian (ca 300- 600) and Romanesque ( circa 800-1200 ) periods, as well as how their designs influenced and contribute to modern product design. Four designs from the Early Christian and Romanesque time periods will be discussed: The Apse in St Martin at Fuentidueña in Spain, the stained glass window known as Notre Dame de la Belle Verrière in Chartres Cathedral France, the Plate of Paternus and an Early Christian ring. Modern products will also be discussed to show their relationship with the medieval didactic designs, and how Early Christian and Romanesque design influenced them. The use of Didactic design was very useful in the medieval time, from discussing the
Hitler applied twice to the Vienna’s Academy of Fine Arts, however he was rejected both times (Source D). Thus it is highly ironic that he determined what ‘degenerate’ art was and what it was not. “Nazi Art” is defined as ‘art created in Germany or German Occupied Territories during 1925-45 that received the approval of the Nazi authorities’ (Source G). Hitler considered Renaissance Art as the highest order of art as it was what he wanted his Aryan race to be, the master race- the master of all art. Anything that did not conform to this constructed art form was considered ‘degenerate’ and thus was burnt and/or looted.
I was born in Mannheim, Germany. I am educated in architectural studies at the Institute of Technology in Karlsruhe, and later at the Universities of Munich and Berlin. I was Inspired by Adolf Hitler’s oratory power, so I joined the National Socialist party [NAZI] in January 1931. I believed Hitler and the Nazis could answer the communist threat and restore the glory of the German empire that he considered lacking under the Weimar Republic.
Components from Bauhaus, De Stijl and The New Typography are bestrewed all through the works of Max Bill, Ersnt Keller,Armin Hofmann and Josef-Müller Brockmann who were the innovators and pioneers of Swiss
Textile designers are influenced by a huge variety of inspirations, which can be reflected in the fabric decoration and fabric colouration used in their designs. For example, Collette Dinnigan’s choices of fabric decoration and colouration techniques are persuaded by feminity, Indian culture, as well as classic designs such as Yves Saint Laurent and Christian Dior. This can be seen in the pastel colour palette, soft embroidered embellishments and textural manipulations of her wedding dresses and formal wear garments, which are often heavily beaded using Indian techniques, similar to Dior. Dinnigan’s designs feature printed fabrics motivated by floral motifs and feminine colours, which also influence her application of floral lace fabrics, embroidery
Bringing the thoughts of German nationality and culture to become very closely tied with music and the Nazi’s knew that in order for their ideology to survive there could be no freedom of thought, even when it came to music. In short, the entire stage had to be set to influence the behaviors
Lucille Tenazas’s migration to the US was quite simultaneous with the period when modernist ideas, of which minimalism and the Swiss Style were integral parts, were being called into question by intellectuals and the seeds of postmodernism were being developed. In the field of design, another event also paved the way for the encounter with postmodern ideas: the development of technology and the replacement of the analog production with the digital world. During this period, many designers
Teachers had to always be careful about what they said around youth as they were encouraged to inform the authorities if a teacher were to say something that did not come in line with Nazi curriculum/ideology. In schools, textbooks also underwent changes; biology and history were most affected. History now spoke of the glory of Germany their fatherland and the magnificent feats that the country had accomplished under the leadership of Adolf Hitler. Biology was changed the most, as it
Why Have Arts in Schools? President Barack Obama once said, “The future belongs to young people with an education and the imagination to create.” In schools, one of the most overlooked and underfunded subjects are the arts. During the 1930s, art education was greatly supported in the U.S. However, as time progressed the focus of education shifted to more standardized tests, science, and math.
According to the Oxford dictionary, language is the method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way. To me, the design language is the way designers translate their thoughts visually. Like language, the design language also has the process of inheritance and evolution. The importance of designing language It is undeniable that many designers have the same or similar inspiration, for architects and interior designers, they even use the same material.
Evidence from the research shows that the Bauhaus school opened again in the United States of America in 1937 to proceed with what they left in Germany when the school was forced to close by the Hitler in 1933. (Jacodson, 1997, 211 and Whitford, 1991, 9) The research aims were to analyse the Bauhaus (1919-1933). Therefore, further research is recommended to investigate and examine if the work carried out by the Bauhaus émigré after 1933 (image 8.1) was the vital importance to ‘Modern Design’ and to lead the movement to become what today we recognise as ‘Modern Design’ What would be the course of ‘Modern Design’ after 1933 if the Bauhaus school remain closed?
Gottfried Semper was a major figure in the field of Interior designing. He was an architect and an art critic who contributed majorly to the study of interiors .He proposed his ideas and thoughts in his book, “Four elements of architecture”, in the year 1952 and it was a huge success. In his book, he developed the theory that origin of architecture could be dated back to the primitive era when human civilization was at its peak. As compared to the modern ideology that architecture consists of structures made from materials, his theory revolved around the four main elements of the primitive era that were essential to human life.
The teachers of these students, leading artists at the time, gained legendary status (Droste, 2006) due to the success of the school and its students. The school was started in Weimar, Germany in the year 1919 (Droste, 2006). The teaching strategies, developed mostly by Johannes Itten and Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, that the Bauhaus developed and used for the 14 years of its existence made long lasting impression on art and design institutions that are used the world over to this day (Droste, 2006). Gropius prefaced his directorship remarking that “It is naturally vital for everyone that we attract strong, lively personalities. We must not start with mediocrity; it is our duty to enlist powerful, famous personalities wherever possible, even if we do not yet fully understand them.”
Intro In 1920 the Reichstag, which was the German government at the time, passed a law, stating all children aged 6-14 must go to school. In the schools the Nazi’s were ordered to concentrate especially on propaganda for youth. They focused on the children from such a young age because they found it was much easier to alter their way of thinking. They did this because they saw the children as the future citizens of the “Thousand year Reich”.