This project has been using both books and websites as a source, as well as primary sources, in form of statistics from OECD, and secondary sources such as academic books. This project would have liked to use more primary sources, but because of the language and geographic barrier, it was not possible to make interviews with families to hikikomoris, other Japanese persons to find out what they think of the social control in Japan or read suicide notes, which would have helped with defining the suicides.
The website OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), has been used to get statistics. The other websites used in this project have been for minor pieces of information. These websites are official governmental websites,
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However since it was written in 1897 several of its content might be outdated along with some of its terminology, for example using integration and regulation, which today is sub-groups of the term ‘social control’ - a term which Durkheim does not use at all, in the chapters about suicide, although it is heavily implied. Along with it not having much data from Japan, or Asia in general, other than mentioning cultural practices, making the book harder (to some extent) to implement upon modern Japan.
Eiko Ikegami in the Taming of the Samurai sure has made a significant work gathering all the information. Also comparing certain social reality with the Western one. However, the book was written in 1995 so considering certain facts to be still present in contemporary Japan is still questionable.
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The form of subculture this project is probe at is the informal kind. It is where there are no clear boundaries, no mainstream and there is not a social order. The subculture Hikikomori, do not have a physical meeting place, and not a ‘real’ virtual scene as well, as they do not seek other hikikomoris out or have an official forum or chat room. Meaning that all their interactions are online, mostly through different games and anime/manga forums. But since the hikikomori does not have an official ‘scene’ to debate and discuss their culture, the cohesion of the subculture is weak, if not nonexistent. This would usually mean, that it would not be counted as a subculture, however their numbers beg to differ, with approximately 1 percentage of the Japanese population who suffers from it. Online they might have a shared identity/avatar, which lay the ground for this project considering it a subculture. In this subculture they have indubitable diffuse networks, since no one is in charge or have control. The hikikomori subculture is esoecially marginalized, more so than other subcultures, since the hikikomori completely separate themselves from other social groups (Haenfler,
Feiler debunks the myth that youth suicide is more common that adult suicide. However he defines suicide in Japan as a “long and honorable tradition” Feiler wants change in Japanese schools to decrease their “high level of stress in the form of pressure to conform and comply with the rules” –SOURCE DISCUSSION- - Legacy of “Americanization” still holds true in today’s Japanese society as present in Feiler’s experience. One can argue there is a heavy American cultural influence in Japan.
Within any society there may be different cultures as well as subcultures. The components of cultures and subcultures are symbols, language, values and norms. Small societies tend be culturally uniform in comparison to large societies tend to contain numerous subcultures. A subculture is a group within a larger culture, that has norms, beliefs, values, and behavioral patterns that are distinguishable from the larger society. Examples of a subculture include bikers, skaters, hackers, gamers, etc.
Therefore, it did not surprise me that half of all Japanese Americans live in on the west coast or in Hawaii. After World War II, they worked very hard to “fit in”, sometimes changing their names and distancing themselves publicly from their Japanese heritage. Amazingly, they synchronously have held onto their traditional values privately and maintained core traditional skills and rituals (Constable, 2012). I assess that some of their ability to thrive at assimilating may also be due to their cultural emphasis on conformity and desire to avoid
The subcultural norms are those of the characters who want an uprising. These characters are the ones who will speak out for change because they are through with living in poor conditions. Subcultural norms shape the characters who wish to be the change they want to see in the
Emile Durkheim was a french sociologist that was mainly known for his views on the structure of society. More specifically on how traditional and modern societies evolved and functioned. On the contrary to Durkheim, the film Baraka shows the inconsistency between traditional and modern societies. Baraka focuses on the illogical progress from traditional to modern societies. In this sense, even though there is great distinction between Durkheim and the film Baraka, there is also great comparison.
Suicide is the ultimate defense against life’s trouble as it offers a peaceful sleep, but what dreams may interrupt that sleep? Shakespeare’s Hamlet is discussing about suicide as well as death. Even though death offer peace, but the afterlife which is unknown makes people cowardly to commit suicide. Suicide is a motif that appears frequently throughout Shakespeare 's Hamlet. Hamlet and Ophelia are the two characters in Hamlet who are involved with suicide, although Hamlet only contemplates it, but Ophelia actually commits suicide in Act 4.Throughout the novel, the act of suicide is treat religiously, morally and aesthetically.
The Contemporary Tattoo Youth Subculture prevalent in Cape Town can be defined by its combination of tattoo flash, black-work and hand-poked tattoos. Subculture, simply put, is a cultural group found within a larger group, but people part of a subculture generally have things in common that are different to those of the rest in the larger group. In Chapter 8 of Dick Hebdidge’s text, Subculture: The Meaning of Style 1979 (121-122) he writes about style as a signifying practice. Hebdige applies the term ‘homology’ to describe how the style of a particular subcultural group can be recognised as a whole. He defines homology as “the symbolic fit between the values and life-styles of a group, its subjective experience and the musical forms it uses to express or
A subculture is a smaller cultural group within a larger cultural group that shares a set of values that differentiates from the larger group. A subculture is able to live and function peacefully within the larger group. An example of a subculture is heavy metal fans. They all share a love for heavy metal music, but they coexist within the larger society.
Every society makes its own culture based on their language, religion, science, conventions, eating, wearing customs and social life. The culture also takes shape and undergoes change in time. This development can be in a short or long period. When the effects on cultures are taken into consideration, classifications
Durkheim believed that society was made of individuals, but in order to study society we must look beyond the individual to the social facts. Social facts act external to the individual and impose themselves upon the individual, according to Emile Durkheim. If the rules of social facts are violated then there can be punishment or social ridicule. These are things that keep individuals from acting out of the norm from society. Things such as schools, religion, and government keep people from acting out of the norms and morals of society.
Fandom is usually about the shared interest in a certain area, while they still keep in touch with the society around them, where hikikomori takes it a step further, because they do not want to be seen and confronted by the society, even by their own peers. Hikikomori is an extreme form of Otaku (Japanese term for a geek devoted to a subject, most often Animes, Mangas or computer games). This “extreme” form, is what the media like to take up and make caricatures out of. As with many subcultures, the media takes the most extreme cases and connects it with bad things or crimes, and labels them as an act of a subculture, which causes moral panic in the
Compared to countries outside Hong Kong, China, America, Singapore, Japan and Korean also find out the suicidal rate of elderly were also higher than any other people in different age group. Although sociologisit Emile Durkheim thinks that the suicide rates for a society typically shows a stable distribiution from year to year, there are always identification of periodic fluctuations and patterns of suicide
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF EMILE DURKHEIM’S THEORY OF SUICIDE Emile Durkheim (April 15, 1858 -15 November, 1917) was a French sociologist and is mostly famous for his monograph the theory of Suicide (1897). He is also a French sociologist, social psychologist and a philosopher and has formally established the academic discipline and is commonly cited as the principal architect of modern social science and father of sociology. His most important work was apparently a case study of suicide which is a study of suicide rates in Catholic and Protestant populations, founded modern social research and served to distinguish social science from psychology and political philosophy. If we have a look at the suicide statistics it is known that precisely, 11.1 out of every 100,000 people have died by suicide (WHO 2011).
INTRODUCTION: Durkheim, Marx and Weber are the most important early Western sociologists to understand sociology as a discipline. Emile Durkheim was a functionalist as he believed that the existence of the individuals and the institutions of which the individuals are a part of, function to maintain social integration and social stability. So, society for Durkheim is “sui generis” as it is independent of the individuals who make it up. Marx and Weber on the other hand were conflict theorists as they considered the conflict between the individuals and among the groups was an important attribute of each and every society. Marx had his approach based on economic influence on society that leads to problems in the social institutions.
Durkheim, thus wishes to be more scientific in his approach and wants to observe moral facts that are constantly changing to formulate sociological theories as opposed to just accepting a set of “ideal type” morals that were formed at a specific