Theories Of Moral Philosophy

Another peer of mine, Isel La Guardia responded to the essay in the same manner. Isel restated the part of the essay that mentioned that back then people believed they were depraved sinners and said, “I believe that people thinking they are born good and innocent is the reason they allow themselves to sin.” Just like my peers and Brooks have stated, I agree with the idea that people treat their moral like a diet and allow leniency with their Good Person

Morality are principles concerning the distinction of good and bad or right and wrong behavior, that influences behavior and worldly views. From different perspectives, morality can be can viewed as being of one 's own conviction, or a natural principle that we should succumb to by the “laws” of nature. Thomas Aquinas and Friedrich Nietzsche are two well known philosopher that twist morality into those groups of morals of being “taste” or “truth”. Aqunas sees morality as a truth that consist of things that contribute or disrupts the nature of things. While Nietzsche viewpoint is directed upon that morality is merely opinion and that “might makes right.”

This paper will attempt to summarize and explain the essay How to Argue about Disagreement: Evaluative Diversity and Moral Realism by John M. Doris and Alexandra Plakias. They claim that moral realism has a problem with its assertion that all disagreement is superficial, and would not persist under ideal conditions. They cite an experiment by Nisbett and Cohen in 1996 where there seems to be a fundamental disagreement between northern and southern white American men surrounding acceptable violence. Moral realism is the philosophical idea that morality is based in objective fact.

A. How is “good” Determined (what does it say right/wrong) - we have certain prima facie duties (at first glance) we must always follow unless serious conditions or explanations tell us to do otherwise. Duties include fidelity, reparation, gratitude, justice, beneficence, self-improvement, and non-maleficence (non-injury). B. Most Noted Philosopher(s) 1.

Morality is a topic that will always contain a variety of viewpoints, conversations, and problems, but it is a subject that will never have a factual or concrete answer. Although it has history and many similar general understandings, morality is, simply put, an idea, to which people have different perceptions within their lives due to information gained from their experiences and the thoughts of others. Friedrich Nietzsche describes his view of the issue in On the Genealogy of Morals, creating a main talking point through detailing the difference between “master” morality and “slave” morality. He describes this separation by showing that originally, people of power dictated what was good and bad, as they valued qualities such as physical strength

Virtue, compassion, and benevolence are all qualities in our society that are considered good. In history, there are figures like Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. that have displayed these characteristics, but then again, demonstrations of goodness are shown by people every day. Goodness or righteousness from people has always thrived, even in the worst periods of humanity. Therefore, mankind is inherently good as shown in Elie Wiesel’s novel Night, where this notion is illustrated through kind acts during his difficult times and through charities which give people hope.

Friedrich Nietzsche, a German philosopher of the 1800s was a very bold thinker and introduced ideas on the fundamental origin of morality, contrary to the ones believed by psychologists of his time. The theories that these psychologists had suggested that people considered an action to be “good” if someone benefitted from another person’s actions if they were doing it for themselves, claiming that any action someone committed was good if it gave an advantage to someone else. On the other hand, Nietzsche believed goodness came from those who created the term, He believed that there were two moralities that depicted the origins from where morality and the ideas of being good and bad come from. These moralities are known to be the “slave” morality

“If people be led by laws…they will try to avoid punishment, but have no sense of shame” but “if they be led by virtue, and uniformity sought to be given them by the rules of propriety, they will have the sense of shame and moreover will become good”. This meant that having laws and punishments would have no effective impact on the morals of the citizens, he believed that virtue, however, would have a positive impact as it would instill good morals in the citizens and make them feel shame meaning that they may not repeat the same act in the future and become good. Moreover, once virtue begins to impact some citizens and instill good morals in them then there would a positive bias towards conformity as other people after seeing their family or friends would also want to have good morals and thus, be impact by

The first, and most important, is that to live a good life, one must not ruin their soul by committing injustice. This is stated very clearly by him saying that “one shouldn’t do injustice in return for injustice, as the majority of people think—seeing that one should never do injustice” (54). In other words, to commit injustice is to be rewarded with a tainted soul. We cannot make things better by doing more wrong, even if it seems just to us. Two wrongs to not make a right.

I argue that Socrates espoused an expectation of happiness that was essentially unachievable since it relied, chiefly, upon the telos of wisdom, the character of which he never explicitly defined, and the qualification of which, by all accounts general to his culture, he defied. Furthermore, I argue that Socrates could only claim happiness in terms of the search for wisdom and not in terms of the telos of wisdom-qua-wisdom. This is important since it indicates a fundamental contradiction in the Greek notion of the importance of results (rather than processes), as later qualified by Aristotle.

Everything we do is insignificant. I mean, think about... They’re over seven thousand one hundred and twenty-five billion people in the world and everyone one of them is asking and will be asking four basic question through the course of their lives. Who am I, why am I here, what is wrong with the world and how can what is wrong be made right. While we may not say them out loud, it is in the soul of every person to wrestle with them.

What do they tell us about the system of morality Confucius promoted? -The system Confucius promoted was for every person to be the best they can be. It was okay to make mistakes, but what he wanted was for everyone to learn how to accept them and fix them. He also wanted everyone one to learn how to appreciate each other and notice when others appreciates them. Confucius system focused a lot on trust, respect, good morals and being benevolent.

(pg xiv) One of his best, known works, Nicomachean Ethics, examines what Aristotle believes it takes for a human being to be a good person. (pg xvi-xvii) Aristotle states that the human good is an activity of the soul in accord with virtue.

In Kant's Groundwork of Metaphysics of Morals he states that nothing in the world could be qualified as good except the good will. The good will gives us the will do the right thing inevitably ending in good. The only way actions can really be moral is if they are motivated by good will, morals are a part of us being rational beings. Leading onto reason, we use our reason to try to do good and follow our duties. By using our knowledge, experience and reason we can form an opinion which can help us do our duty.

In today’s world, many people tend to have a set of ethical principles which is one of the guidelines for them to follow on. The question is how he or she defines ethics? To answer, Ethics is best defined as knowing what is right or wrong in the action based on the moral principles. Moreover, it is also known as the branch of knowledge that deals with ethical issues. In relation, there are some ethical theories which deal with the ethical issues.