A main theme throughout The Odyssey is the idea of fate vs. free will, which is also largely consistent throughout Oedipus Rex. However, instead of exclusively exploring the involvement of both fate and free will in the human condition, Sophocles analyzes the limits of human free will and the consequences of ignoring or attempting to avoid fate.
Throughout the play, we see both Oedipus and his parents constantly running from their fate. They make almost every possible move to avoid their inevitable fate. Through this presentation of free will, Sophocles suggests that although humans have the independence to make their own choices, these choices will ultimately result in whatever condition they were predestined to encounter. In a way, Sophocles is playing with the natural impulses of human behavior. For example, the audience
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However, they do not ensure the death of their son by murdering him themselves. Although the intent was to kill Oedipus, Jokasta and Laius are attempting to avoid the natural inclination to feel guilty for the direct death of their son. Similarly, the shepherd’s decision to give Oedipus a second chance at life demonstrates a human inability to show violence towards something innocent, such as a young child. Furthermore, Oedipus’ denial upon learning that the death of the king was his own doing, demonstrates human ignorance. As human beings it is often hard to be told we are wrong or that the decisions we have made in life have led to severe consequences. This is illustrated through Oedipus’ blindness throughout the play. Oedipus is angered by the accusations that he killed King Laius. Instead of confronting the problem and rationally coming to the truth, he lashes out in
Oedipus’s duty as King is to resolve any conflicts, including the mystery of the murder of King Laius. His pride takes over, and Oedipus becomes very single-minded. His cynical stubbornness writes the story itself, “Let the storm burst, my fixed resolve still holds, / To learn my lineage, be it ne’er so low. / It may be she will all a woman’s pride /
For those who fail to adhere to any form of a decree by the Gods, experiencing heightened free will comes at the cost of suffering some form of punishment. Having adequately warned them of perchance of crossing roads with a dangerous fate, Odysseus had reminded his crew-mates to not harm the Cattle of the Sun; however, his starved crew eventually disregards the prophecies of the Gods and the insistences of Odysseus. Although the crew exercises a form of free-will by choosing to do as they wish, starvation compels their subsequent action, not the Gods. In doing so, they trigger the wrath of Helios and Zeus. Homer highlights the severity of disobeying a divine mandate and develops a destructive and punitive tone with the use of utterly obliterative
One of the many philosophies examined in both Sophocles, Oedipus the King and William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar is fate versus free will. In both dramatic plays, the idea that fate and free can work side by side is supported. Shakespeare and Sophocles allow the theme of fate and free will to wind its way into the downfall of major characters in world literature. In Oedipus and Julius Caesar there are different interpretations of the concept of fate and freewill. Each has different fates and limits of free will that contributes to their death.
Outside of the holy city of death, dead bodies are stacking up like mountains. Alonso feels like he has been standing here for many days. Now he is pretty sure that he is the only living “thing” here. This is a special space. From time to time he has gained some subconscious insights.
The epic poem Odyssey by Homer is about a man named Odysseus. He is separated from his family. He is lost at sea and goes into foreign lands. Through everything he is always trying to get home and finally after 18 years he makes it home. Though it was his fault that he became separated from his home.
The Mighty Clash of Free Will and Fate in the Odyssey The debate of free will and fate has come up in many great literary works like in ancient epics such as Gilgamesh, the Iliad, and the Odyssey, written circa eighth century. Free will and fate both play a large role in these epic poems. Man faces the challenges of predetermined fate set by the gods and goddesses of Greek mythology in every Greek epic, while juggling their own free will. In the Odyssey by Homer, readers see these elements throughout the epic through the epic hero of Odysseus.
Trouble frequently arises throughout his journey as the meddling of the gods often hinders his progress. Almost every action Odysseus takes is influenced by the gods in some way. This creates conflict between the function of fate and free will in Odysseus’ decision making. Thus, it is questioned whether Odysseus’ destiny is acquired through his own free will or through the actions of the gods.
When one considers that Oedipus’ actions involving his actual parents were unwitting it is easy to see that he is in fact innocent of a true crime and in classical scholar E. R. Dodds’ essay “On Misunderstanding the ‘Oedipus Rex’” he concludes that Oedipus is fundamentally innocent and states “I hope I have now disposed of the moralizing interpretation, which has been rightly abandoned by the great majority of contemporary scholars. To mention only recent works in English, the books of Whitman, Waldock, Letters, Ehrenberg, Knox, and Kirkwood, however much they differ on other points, all agree about the essential moral innocence of Oedipus.” and while details of these other scholars would take too long to explain in a simple essay it is agreeable that the thought of Oedipus’ misfortune being in punishment for unwittingly fulfilling his prophecy is false. However, the consideration that his misfortune is a result of his indifference is indeed a viable explanation and allows for the concept of Oedipus’ life being rectified if only he had listened to his
In the play “Oedipus the King” by Sophocles, many crimes are committed by many different people, making it possible for a person to blame any character. However, the murder of Laius falls on one person and one person only, Oedipus himself. There is ample evidence pointing towards his guilt: more than one person was killed that day; prophecies are not clear, he had options; and he deliberately tried to ignore the gods. Oedipus admits to killing more than just Laius where the three roads meet at Delphi.
The character Oedipus is a tragic hero because of his tragic flaw of having consistent, proper ambition to finding the murderer of Laius. In the second scene, Oedipus enters and addresses the chorus, as if addressing the entire city of Thebes. "To all of Thebes I make this proclamation: / if any one of you knows who murdered Laius, I order him to reveal / the whole truth to me . . . He will suffer no unbearable punishment, nothing worse than exile" (171) At this time, Oedipus is trying to convince the killer to come forward and confess the murder.
Oedipus denies the truth and faces the consequences later on in the play. He gets furious when everyone is blaming him for killing Laius. As he is blaming others, hubris appears within his personality. Oedipus becomes blinder as hubris takes over him.
In Sophocles' Oedipus the King, the themes of fate and agency are very strong throughout the play. Both sides of the argument can be greatly supported. The attributes of a person have either a positive or negative affect on the choices that they make. For Oedipus, his main attribute was the desire for knowledge and understanding about his own life. Because of this strong will and desire, this was Oedipus’ driving force in the play to lead him to the truth of his beginnings.
Niya Kebreab King Oedipus: Moral Ambiguity In the play King Oedipus, Sophocles depicts Oedipus’ inevitable downfall, which represents man’s struggle between free will and fate. In an attempt to use the audience’s knowledge to his advantage, Sophocles opens the play seventeen years after Oedipus murders his father, Laius and marries his mother, Jocasta. The sequence in which the story unravels reveals the strong psychological focus towards Oedipus’ character. In search of his identity, Oedipus’ enigmatic quality and moral ambiguity compels readers to question whether his ignorance renders him morally blameless.
As seen through the murder of Oedipus’s father, he gives in to anger and kills the ‘stranger’. As the king of Thebes, he proclaims harsh punishment to the one who killed Laius and does not seem to be able to put two and two together to see his error. In comparison, Aristotle and Sophocles’s ideal hero comes from the superego and is represented by Theseus. While Theseus thrives and accepts the broken Oedipus, Oedipus would have shunned the killer of Laius (and did through asking Kreon to banish him). The id part of Oedipus’s unconscious directed his fate and, as a result, his
Killing Laius and his men is an overreaction to his anger. This violent outburst shows that he has no self control and he does not show any remorse for what he has done. He also looses his temper with Tiresias when he is trying to explain the oracle to him. It is because of his anger that the oracle becomes true and in the end he looses everything good around him including his children and his sight. Oedipus constantly pushes people away that are only trying to help him, as if accepting help makes him seem