Fema Vs Cooperative Federalism

The Ohio State Penitentiary fire took place in 1930 becoming the worst prison fire in Ohio's history, and one of the worst in U.S history. The Ohio State Penitentiary was notorious for rough conditions and overcrowding. Weak administration and lack of trained personnel contributed to the poor response to the disaster. The Ohio Penitentiary fire was a devastating event that ended in the death of many people. Following the tragedies associated with this disaster, it became evident that the prison system desperately needed change.

The first of the changes was in the 1960’s when the federal government increased the amount of categorical grants that the states received to be spent on certain programs such as the federal Medicaid program. This period of time between the 60’s and 70’s can be called regulated federalism because of the narrow regulations attached to these grants for the states to adhere to. The second change to cooperative federalism begins in the 1970’s and continues to the current federal system. The control that the federal government had over the states through national standards and grants became increasingly burdensome on the states. In the 1970’s and 80’s president Richard Nixon and president Ronald Reagan would push for more state control with the use of block grants.

Finding a solid feel for the two organizations began with exploring their mission statements. FEMA’s is very plain and direct, “Helping people before, during, and after disasters.” (fema.gov) They achieve this mission through education prior to catastrophes, assembling resources and activating notifications during, and providing support and guidance for citizens afterwards. The Red Cross has a broad and elegant mission statement. “To prevent and alleviate

Federalism is a system in which the power is shared between the national and regional government, following democratic rules. a. Dual Federalism: The first period of federalism was from 1789 to 1937, called dual federalism. In this stage, there was equality between the national and state government, but the functions of each of them were fundamentally separated; they rarely operate together.

Federalists were property owners, creditors, and merchants. They believed that elites were the most fit to govern. They feared "excessive democracy" because they thought uneducated people would get into office. Federalists favored a strong national government and they believed in "filtration," which was when only elites could obtain governmental power. The leaders of the Federalist party were Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and George Washington.

The Constitution uses division of powers in order to prevent tyranny from occurring. James Madison, a man who was very dedicated towards our Constitution, decided upon dividing the government into two different sections, state and central, this idea is known as federalism. Powers needed to run a country are granted to the central governments, a few of those powers are printing and coin money, declare war, and regulate trade, and powers given to the state governments are the ability to hold elections, establish schools, and set up local governments. ( Document A ). The idea of federalism is important because it has a major effect on the prevention tyranny.

I honestly believe that federalism is a stronger government. Federalism is the federal principle or system of government. Federalist believe in having a state with its own government. Federalist also believe in having a military which keeps the people under a Federalist state safe from outside harm. Also the Federalist believe having a national constitution meaning that there is a better balance of laws.

The original system of dual federalism was set up so that the states and national government were separate but worked together. The states did most of the governing instead of the national government. “Citizens daily lives were chiefly affected by their states government not the national.” (Champagne and Harpham, 86) The national government role was to provide for national defence and foreign policy and assist in the development of commerce.

Over the year’s federalism has taken on many forms within our federal system. The distribution of powers within these many forms of federal systems has had to adapt to each of these forms in order to keep up with the times. The federal system initially was set up to serve the 13 original colonies and was able to maintain their own powers given by the powers vested in each colonies individual constitutions. Federalism or the split of power between colonies and the federal or nation governing body was simply to form agreements among one another in regards to laws. The state governments possessed the powers given to them by their state constitutions which was known as reserved powers and concurrent powers were state and federal government

The second guard against tyranny was federalism which implies the division of force amongst focal and state governments. Federalism is a compound method for overseeing, with a central government and a state government. Every administration had their own particular forces, yet to finish the greater objectives the key was to have participation and cooperation to solve this issue. The central government 's influence forces were exclusively centered around wars, cash and relations with each different nations and states outside the United States. In understanding, the state government dealt with the more particular things going ahead in that specific state.

From the book Zeitoun proves that Fema had mismanaged funds and did not take care of the most important tasks during the hurricane. According to the website Prison Legal News “Over 6,000 prisoners who had been packed into the Orleans Parish Prison (OPP) were displaced as a result of Hurricane Katrina” (Williams, Bob). That a mass of amount of prisoners in a short period of time at the cost of the Federal emergency management agency costing Fema big. Another fact for the state by Prison legal news “The DOC reportedly received funds from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for each prisoner in custody -- the more prisoners, the higher the per diem payment.

Federalism is an important part of the way our government runs. Federalism is the system in which power is divided between two levels of government, national and state. This dual system was created for one important reason; so no one government holds more power in hopes to preserve liberty. Each level has its own role, the national level authorizes certain areas of governance while the state level has power with prospective jurisdiction. “The united states established the first federal system, and about two dozen countries today have one.

The Stafford Act was enacted in 1988 and determines how and when the federal government is allowed to intervene in a natural disaster. It also defines the type of assistance to be provided as well as the distribution of funds among the federal, state and local governments. FEMA is responsible for coordinating the assistance identified in the Stafford Act. However, FEMA has to answer to the Secretary of Homeland Security rather than making their own decisions. The authors describe how our current governmental system isn’t well equipped to deal with major devastation such as Hurricane Katrina.

FEMA’s mission and priorities were changed so that, “terrorism prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery became central to the emergency management mission” (Haddow 325). As a result of the terrorist attacks on 9/11 the country’s focus shifted completely from natural disasters to an outright major assault on all things terrorism with no second glance at the potential emergency’s natural disasters presented. There might be a possibility that because of the nation’s extreme obsession with terrorists and terrorism that Hurricane Katrina was not given full priority nor given as much thought as it should have been because the whole focus of the government was on terrorism. When an agency and governmental structure, such as the defense agencies, undergoes an extreme shift within the course of a few years brought on so suddenly, there are bound to be weaknesses. Hurricane Katrina was the most challenging threat that tested the DHS as well as FEMA’s preparation and mitigation of natural disasters since the shift of focus.

The biggest challenge for our framers was to find a solution to a problem that historically has had an abundant amount of issues. Federalism is the solution that divides the power between the states and the national government. The United States has seen several forms of federalism throughout its history, such as dual federalism, cooperative federalism, coercive federalism, and new federalism. The traditional federalism has a clear separation of duties for the state and national government.