H Pylori Case Study

Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) plate, MacConkey agar (MC) plate, Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB), and Hektoen Enteric Agar (HEA) (3). The MacConkey agar plate and the Mannitol Salt agar plate are both used in the identification of the unknown. The MC plate is a selective and differential medium. It is considered a selective medium because the bile salts and crystal violet aspect of the medium prevent the growth of gram positive bacteria (3). This medium is differential because of the lactose and neutral red.

Unknown Lab Report Abiola Oyewumi March 16, 2015 Unknown #16 Abstract An experiment was conducted to determine which of the following unknown bacteria was in test tube number 16: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhimurium. Biochemical tests were used to help identify the unknown bacteria. The Citrate test, Urease test, Triple Sugar Iron Agar test, Voges-Proskauer test, and Methyl Red test were the biochemical tests used in this experiment.

There is one other method called the vinegar solution test, which is used to spot out and identify flat, hard to see, lesions that are possibly precancerous. The vinegar solution is applied to the genital areas, which in turn, makes the lesions white and visible to see (“HPV

The Unknown Identification Lab was an experiment that provided the opportunity to apply all the tests that were learned in the semester of lab, to identify the two bacterias that remain unknown. Gram- staining and two other tests will be used to identify the unknowns. This experiment is crucial to the understanding of each test, and can benefit in the ability to identify the characteristics of specific bacteria. Having a clearer understanding of the bacteria can further the research of bacteria for medicine, such as antibiotics. The understanding can also help the development of research in the environment.

The initial test conducted after being given unknown bacteria number 5 was a Three-Step gram stain. This test was conducted utilizing aseptic technique. I first aseptically prepared a smear using unknown bacteria number 5 and heat fixed the smear. I then flooded the smear with

Testing Intestinal Permeability The lactulose/mannitol urine test uses two types of sugars to determine the permeability of your gut. Lactulose molecules are large and mannitol molecules are small. When you take this test, you drink a solution that contains a specific amount of each type of sugar. Your doctor may give you the sugar packet to take home so you can mix the solution to drink several hours before you go to the lab for the test. You may also need to follow orders for what you can eat and drink before and after taking the sugar solution.

Staphylococcus epidermidis is the organism that was identified based on the tests that I had conducted. The tests that I used to identify this organism were the coagulase test and the catalase test. My bacterium was beta hemolytic as well. First, a gram stain had to be done to determine whether the organism was a gram positive organism or a gram negative organism. This determined which set of tests that had to be done.

Clostridium difficile, also referred to as C. diff, is a bacterium that is known to cause mild to severe diarrhea and can lead to severe inflammation of the colon (Government of Canada, 2014). C. diff contains spores that are found in fecal matter. Through encountering a surface containing contaminants such as feces, puts a person at risk for the later development of diseases such as c. diff. This bacterium can also be spread through contact from healthcare workers that have not followed correct cleansing routines such as but not limited to hand washing. High dosages or extended usage of antibiotics can also increase the chances of developing C. diff (Government of Canada, 2014).

Each plate serves as a first step to identify the unknowns. The TSA (tryptic soy agar) can be used to do a gram stain, which differentiates gram-negatives from gram-positives, based on the structural make up of the cell wall (Carson, 2015). The blood agar plate is used to test for hemolytic activity, which is useful for distinguishing gram-positives. A MacConkey plate is selective by inhibiting the growth of gram-positives and differential due to the fermentation of lactose by certain gram-negative species. In the

Once the streak plate has been inoculated, and colonies have grown, the Catalase test would then be performed. After receiving the results from all the tests listed above, it has been concluded that Escherichia Coli was the unknown bacteria. The first and most important test that should be performed on the bacteria is the Gram Stain. This test is a process of using multiple stains to differentiate between Gram Negative and Gram Positive organisms (Microbugz). If a bacterium is Gram Positive the cells will appear purple

samples to rule out infections as the cause of diarrhea. Special X-rays of both the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract may be ordered as well to confirm the location of the inflammation.

There are many restaurants that have procedures that help to decrease e-coli and many other food-borne illnesses. There are many illnesses such as salmonella typhi; this report is manly about restaurants in the food chain called Chipotle, in Washington and Oregon. Restaurants have a reputation in these two states will most likely ruin the reputation of this chain forever because these restaurants had an outbreak of E-Coli that sickened over 33 people. On October 30th, many of the restaurants in Washington and Oregon were closed by the regulatory authorities to stop the spreading of E. coli.

Escherichia Coli 0157: H7 This paper will specialize on a specific type of bacterial foodborne illness caused by the bacteria Escherichia Coli. E. coli was discovered by Theodore von Escherich in 1885. E.coli is a natural found bacteria that lies throughout the intestinal tract of warm blooded animals and comes in many forms only one of which is deadly. This form is E. coli 0157:H7 which can be caused by direct exposure to fecal matter to kill this rouge

The unknown #257 tested positive for the enzyme DNase. Lastly, Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) was used to test for isolation and differentiation. The streaking technique used is streaking for isolation. The unknown #257 tested positive for mannitol fermentation which means the organism is

The same lifecycle is followed by all species of Salmonella as the cell is passed through the intestine with fecal matter and leave the host when defection has occur and through ingestion of the bacteria, Salmonella Typhi is then transferred to a new host, this happens through the consumption of contaminated water and food, while the bacteria passes through the stomach into the intestine and start its replication process. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT TO PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH Diagnosis of Typhoid bacteria is done by blood, stool couture and the serological testing. For the body fluid couture, sample of blood, urine or bone marrow is examine on equipment that will identify the growth of the bacteria under a microscope, this will identify if typhoid is present. The most sensitive test for the bacteria is the bone marrow couture.