Catalytic Composite Membrane Lab Report

Cadet Eric Wiggins Date: 18 September 2014 Course Name: Chem 100 Instructor: Captain Zuniga Section: M3A Identification of a Copper Mineral Intro Minerals are elements or compounds that are created in the Earth by geological processes. The method of isolating metals in a compound mineral is normally conducted through two processes.

3.1 Project Methodology In order to make sure that this project is on track, proper planning and scheduling is crucial. It is necessary to identify the significant key points which are photocatalytic activity of SWCNTs, properties of carbon nanotubes and titanium oxide, available testing procedures using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other spectroscopic methods. In this section, a brief detail provided regarding the methods used, sol-gel, hydrothermal and electrospinning. Also, the available tests that will be used are explained.

In this experiment, dehydration and dehydrobromination

The test tube was closed and shaken with a stopper which was periodically removed to alleviate pressure. The test tube was then left on the test tube rack to allow the solvents to separate. It had separated with the ether phase on top and acetone phase on the bottom. To see what light was being reflected, the tube was taken to the projector and it was recorded that the light reflected was red. The ether phase was used to paint with a brush approx.

Ratio for the gas feed into the fluidized bed reactor by the composition of C3H6: NH3: O2 is 1: 1-1.2: 10-12. The reactor are fed with slightly excess of ammonia of stoichiometry proportion to get the reaction closer to completion and fastening the process of catalyst regeneration. Ammoxidation of propylene give higher conversion till 98% and the selectivity above than 80%. Byproduct produces from this reaction by weight percentage (% wt) base on acrylonitrile are acetonitrile 2-4 % and hydrogen cyanide 14 to 18 %. This byproduct can be market for any other purposed and there are still demands in the chemical industry.

Based in our experiment, we observed that an increase in the extracellular concentration of K+ increases the membrane potential of the crayfish muscle fibers thereby depolarizing these fibers. This process occurs because the ratio of K+ extracellular to intracellular was manipulated by adding KCl to the solution surrounding the muscle fibers. By increase the extracellular concentration, the K+ ions rushed inside the cell instead of their usual rushing outside. The movement of K+ ions inside the cell made the muscle fibers gain a positive voltage since there will be a change in equilibrium potential for K+ into a more positive value thereby making the membrane more positive.

Wet method is also called chemical method which includes precipitation, hydrothermal technique and hydrolysis. While dry method consist solid state reaction method. The final material varies according to preparative route in the aspects of morphology, stoichiometry, and level of crystallinity. Recent development involves sol-gel, spray pyrolysis, mechanochemical method which is well recognized in literature. Sakka and co-workers first employed sol-gel method to prepare HAp.

Tris hydroxymethyl amino methane (TRIS): 10.2 g Ethylene diamine tetracetic acid (EDTA): 0.6 g Boric Acid: 3.2 g 1 litre with distilled water 2. Whatman No. 3 chromatography paper. 3. Cellulose acetate membranes 4. HbA2 control .(13)

The reaction mixture was then cooled and poured into crushed ice with constant stirring and left overnight. A dark red coloured copolymer was obtained and washed with warm water, methanol and acetone followed by filtration to remove unreacted monomers and impurities. Finally, the copolymer was dried in an air oven at 75 °C for 24 h. The yield of the copolymer was found to be 85%. The copolymer was found to be soluble in solvents like dimethylsulphoxide, dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran and partially soluble in mineral acids.

Distillation was the only method available at that time. In the later 1960’s, membrane processes began to take a place in the

For the preparation of the catalyst, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS, Merck; purity> 99.9%) was dissolved in anhydrous ethyl alcohol (CH3CH2OH, Merck; purity>99.9%) under stirring for homogenization within 15 min at room temperature. After that, 3-aminopropyl(trimethoxy)silane (APS) was added to the ethanolic solution and mixed for >15 min. Then, Salicylaldehyde was added to the solution of TEOS and APS. The molar ratio of TEOS/APS/ Salicylaldehyde was 5:1:1. Then, Fe(NO3)3·9H2O (0.5mol) was added to above solution and was kept at 80 °C for 12h under reflux.

Sustainable energy sources are crucially needed with the threat of global warming and declining fossil fuel reserves. Currently, ethanol is the only renewable liquid fuel mass-produced aside from the often-used non-renewable petroleum-derived liquid fuels in the transportation department. Despite that, there are lots of obstacles in the usage of ethanol for it to be used efficiently. The suggested manufacture of 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) from fructose will be able to create alternative solution to our dependence to petrol especially as it is more capable than ethanol and helps to convert the liberal supply of renewable biomass. There are two stages to eliminating five oxygen atoms to turn carbohydrates, fructose or other hexose compound, to DMF.

Firstly a 10 ml solution of AgNO3 (0.01M) is prepared in a beaker. Then 10 ml of sodium citrate (0.01M) is added drop wise to the beaker and stirred for 10 minutes. Then 10 ml of sodium borohydride (0.01M) is added drop wise to the beaker under vigorous shaking as the reaction is rapid. This mixture is allowed to rest for 8 hours and finally the yellow solution of AgNPs is stored at 4oC before use 3. Results and

Oxo synthesis and aldol condensation are chemical synthesis route, both of which use petroleum as the raw materials, and thus need a large investment and have strict technical equipment requirements. The biological fermentation of butanol from renewable resources (biomass) is generally carried out by C. acetobutylicum under control anaerobic conditions, with butanol, acetone, and ethanol as the main products at a ratio of approximately 6:3:1, and this process is referred as ABE

13) The 50 (MWCO) Dialysis Membrane was placed in the center of the left and the right beaker. 14) Nine millimolar of Na⁺Cl⁻ is poured into the left beaker. 15) Deionized Water is placed in the right beaker. 16) A sixty-minute timer was started to see how the 9 Na⁺Cl⁻ (mM) solvent diffuses through the 50 (MWCO) Dialysis Membrane.