E-Resources:
ICT technology has a major impact on educational materials. E-resources include Online-journals, e-books, CD-ROM, DVDs, Online-databases, web libraries, etc.
There are many difficulties in implementation of ICT in the learning environment. Firstly, educational administrators need to allocate the required funds for the purchase of hardware, software, technical training, technical support, installations, etc. Secondly, educational technologists should find the ways to integrate the ICT into the curriculum of the current educational system. They have to ensure the accessibility without any technical barriers to learning and teaching process and the environment.
According to Brown (2009), “there are five basic elements to cooperative
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According to their study, “teachers’ perception about the concept of cooperative learning has significant influence in the implementation process. Their study supports the need for the deep understanding of the concept of cooperative learning among the teachers.
Angela and Rylee have conducted research among the Australian educators. They found the strong relationship between the perception and successful implementation of the cooperative learning environment [13].
CASE STUDY 2
Robyn et al. have conducted research among the ten middle school teachers from the two different area. They expressed their positive experience of implementing the CL concept in their teaching strategy. They also expressed their difficulties in the cooperative learning formation and process [14]. They raised the issues such as group formation, task-related problems, sociability skills and assessment related issues of the learning outcome. Their research clearly found the benefits of cooperative learning and the issues in the learning environment.
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Educators must use the ICT tools in their teaching process. Various software tools are available in the IT industry for the educators. The educators must get the proper training from the software providers in order to excel in the area of teaching. Due to the media convergence, the educators should learn new skills in digital literacy. Learning through online courses is one of the best ways to understand the digital media and its usage. Application of ICT tools enhances the flexibility in the cooperative learning environment. Furthermore, it helps the educators to form the groups, to inform the groups and to evaluate the groups at any time. Group members can also communicate easily through the ICT tools in order to work efficiently towards their task. Project planning software helps to plan and evaluate the outcomes in a better way. Educators need to understand the concepts such as cooperative learning, collaborative learning, and ICT4E (Information and Communication Technology for Education). This review paper concludes that the ICT tools are very useful to educate the computer students. ICT tool would help the communication process among the students and the trainers in the cooperative learning
My experience with co-teaching has been beneficial for my class especially for the ELLs and the monolingual students. When my mentor is teaching, my lowest students sit in a different table with me. Differentiation has helped them because they get additional help, clarification of any misconceptions, restating of key vocabulary or key points and also they get to use manipulatives that might help them understand a concept better. This differentiation has helped as they are testing higher in math and two ELL students are now reading at grade level. Co-teaching allows both teachers to work together and it allows for many instructional strategies.
Literature Review According to (US Department of Education, 2011) technology ushers in fundamental structural changes that can be integral to achieving significant improvements in productivity and is used to support both teaching and learning. The article further goes on to say that Technology infuses classrooms with digital learning tools such as computers and handheld devices which expands course offerings, experiences, learning materials and supports learning 24 hours a day, which increases student engagement and motivation, and accelerates learning. The article further goes on to discuss the introduction of virtual or online learning, which is the use of Technology by both students and teachers to create a virtual or online classroom, rather than a traditional face to face setting.
Collaboration Research School leaders must build a collaborative culture in their schools. According to standard seven of the Professional Standards for Educational Leaders (2015), a school leader is supposed to create a professional culture with all staff members that contribute to the values, mission, and vision of the school. This includes creating an environment in which staff members can interact responsibly, promote accountability among all staff members, support professional learning opportunities, and develop caring, nurturing, and long-lasting relationships amongst all staff. These things coincide and exist for the improvement of student growth and achievement.
Research suggests that social environments that offer more collaboration and sharing of knowledge have more people with a reflective approach to teaching and learning. (Fairclough (1992).) In our country, collaboration among teachers in teaching and learning is a much ignored area and has tremendous potential to foster reflection in the system .(Pugach, MC, Johnson 2002). Financial factors: In a typical Indian classroom -an overpopulated one with poor furniture and an absence of basic amenities such as fans, table , chair etc.
There is a collective responsibility for all students in the group to contribute to reach common goal and collective efficacy is the belief of such responsibility (Cheng et al., 2008). Every students would strive to do their part in order to receive the outcomes and avoid holding back the whole group. To facilitate learning, students can develop social skills when participating in group activities (Cheng et al., 2008). Students would interact, make decisions together, and manage conflicts in group tasks. Despite different levels of ability, students can construct ideas together and strategies in problem solving can be internalised (Wilkinson et al., 2000).
A very similar finding was shared by Zhang (2010) stating that cooperative language learning provides students with the necessary academic and social skills. Participation is enhanced by cooperative learning techniques (Drakeford, 2012). However, the teaching process in CL showed there were several shortcomings and difficulties, such as the dependence of lower achievers on higher achievers (Abdulahi, Hashim, & Kawo, 2017), the unified course schedule, and the difficulties of designing meaningful activities, managing noisy and chaotic classroom, grouping the students, facing attendance rate or distracted students and evaluating a vast of students’ test grades (Wang,
Integrating technology in education can be extremely beneficial. It can be a useful method for the students and their teachers, which improves both their skills. In addition, being active on the Internet when learning can make students and teachers’ academic journey easier. There is a lot of evidence that proves how useful technology is for both students and their instructors. This paper attempts to show that using the Internet allows
Introduction Technology is the technical means that allows people to improve their environment, enabling them to learn to use the tools and machinery to carry out complex tasks enough and hit the ground running, we use technological application to control the world we live in. The technology enables people to use knowledge, systems and tools that will facilitate their lives and make them better. I use it to improve operational performance, and through technology they can communicate better. The technology enables people to increase their output and their buildings and means Mwaslathm and improved. The technology exists everywhere make a better life.
Over the past decades, technology has become more advanced and has provided new ways to learn in the education system. There are multiple sides that either agree or disagree if incorporating technology in the classroom is beneficial or distracting. Some people might argue that kids are becoming tethered to screens at school and are easily distracted. Instead of paying attention to the teacher’s lesson, kids are figuring out how easy it is to access games on technological devices. Another side argues that the use of computers and other technologies in the classroom can create an increase in the information students can learn because the student is more likely to be engaged.
The process of teaching and learning vocabulary is very challenging and demanding. In recent years, English teachers have witnessed the changes that occurred in the field of teaching vocabulary. Due to the development and progression of technological tools, and the evolvement of digital multimedia, the methods which were used to take place in teaching vocabulary have changed. Therefore, teachers worldwide try to figure out which vocabulary teaching method is more beneficial for their pupils.
Project based cooperative learning methodology motivates the learners to communicate themselves to solve the problems through group formation among the learners. Educators can also contact many other professionals related to their profession through group formation. It motivates the educators to study further related to their profession. It reduces the stress in the learning environment. Active participation using latest mobile technology enhances the cooperative culture among the learners and educators.
The NCERT, being apex organisation in school education, has constantly been engaged in improving the quality of education through various academic programmes such as development of curriculum, textbooks, supplementary books, educational kits, teachers’ handbooks, manuals, e-resources and capacity building of Key Resource Teachers, Teacher Educators, State Functionaries. It is contributing significantly in Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA), Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in schools, National Skills Qualifications Framework (NSQF) and Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE). The National Repository of Open Educational Resources (NROER) launched in 2013 makes available digital resources as educational videos, concept maps, audio clips, interactive objects, photographs, diagrams, charts, images, articles, learning objects, talking books, textbook pages and documents in multiple languages for teachers and students. The Curricula for ICT in Education for the school system have been developed to realise the goals of the National Policy on ICT in Schools Education and the National Curriculum Framework [10].
As I mentioned in the previous sections, the use of ICT technology in teaching and learning is expanding rapidly in this twenty-first century. As a result of that, studies about the importance of ICT technology in teaching and learning are also appearing in a growing numbers. Previous research shows that the use of technologies, particularly the new ones could “facilitate communication, reduce anxiety, encourage oral discussion, develop the writing/thinking connection, nurture social or cooperative learning, promote egalitarian class structures, enhance student motivation, facilitate cross-cultural awareness, and improve writing skills” Yang & Chen (2007, p.2) . In light of these positive effects, an increasing number of scholars have examined the importance of ICT in teaching and learning.
3. The electronic media plays an important role as innovative teaching aids at school and college education. 4. The flexible teaching learning strategies provide high quality education and ensure equity in educational opportunities. 5.
(2007) ICT policies in Education, teaching and learning in the classrooms in many countries particularly in Africa and Asia encounter a host of challenges in terms of inadequate infrastructure such as in the teaching of some ICT programmes and the manipulation of some software application packages, which is are difficult due to a lack of adequate computers for practical sessions and didactic materials that can help ICT learners cope. In many African counties, for example, Kenya, South Africa and Zimbabwe the ICT curricula is yet another challenge because the development of the content for ICT teaching and learning as a school subject is still at an elementary stage and has not been clearly identified in response to a programme and time allocated for its teaching (Farrel et al.