Kurt Lewin’s major contribution lies in the field of Group Dynamics, Field Theory and Action Research. He modelled the social change process in organisational, particularly, industrial setups. 1. Group Dynamics: - Lewin’s definition of a group is widely accepted. Here the basic line of argument is that groups come into being in a psychological sense ‘not because their members necessarily are similar to one another (although they may be); rather, a group exists when people in it realize their fate depends on the fate of the group as a whole’ (Brown 1988: 28). Behaviour within a group: - After collecting experimental evidence, Lewin concluded that groups with a democratic setup were likely to perform better than ones with autocratic …show more content…
In his field theory, a ‘field’ is defined as ‘the totality of coexisting facts which are conceived of as mutually interdependent’ (Lewin 1951: 240). Individuals were seen to behave differently according to the way in which tensions between perceptions of the self and of the environment were worked through. The whole psychological field, or ‘life space’, within which people acted, had to be viewed, in order to understand behaviour. (Lewin 1952). Thus, it can be concluded that an individual’s performance is strongly affected by his environment. The same person would react differently to same stimulus when faced with different environments. Thus, to influence behaviour, focus should be laid on …show more content…
Most Efficient forms of the learning process: - Acc. to Lewin, learning is best facilitated in an environment where there is dialectic tension and conflict between immediate, concrete experience and analytic detachment. By bringing together the immediate experiences of the trainees and the conceptual models of the staff in an open atmosphere where inputs from each perspective could challenge and stimulate the other, a learning environment occurred with remarkable vitality and creativity. (Kolb.) Pillars of an efficient learning mechanism in group settings:- o Feedback:-There was a concern that organizations, groups and relationships generally suffered from a lack of accurate information about what was happening around their performance. Feedback became a key ingredient of T-groups and was found to ‘be most effective when it stemmed from here-and-now observations, when it followed the generating event as closely as possible, and when the recipient checked with other group members to establish its validity and reduce perceptual distortion’ (Yalom 1995: 489). o Unfreezing:-This was taken directly from Kurt Lewin’s change theory. It describes the process of disconfirming a person’s former belief system. Trainers sought to create an environment in which values and beliefs could be
Those who are excluded often feel extreme pressure to be accepted back into the group in order to escape their uncomfortable isolation. • Groups also often develop their own distribution of roles, with both leaders and followers. Other group members play either inhibiting roles, rejecting new ideas, or innovating roles, actively developing such ideas. • Another risk of groupthink, according to Janis, can be observed in groups that work together over long periods of time. In addition to reduced efficiency, they also demonstrate reduced “reality testing”, i.e., a distorted sense of reality.
The different contexts have their own features and these features have very strong background characteristics of their own environments. Gladwell mentions that “They say that the criminal—far from being someone who acts for fundamental, intrinsic reasons and who lives in his own world—is actually someone acutely sensitive to his environment, who is alert to all kinds of cues, and who is prompted to commit crimes based on his perception of the world around him” (Gladwell 156). The environment has a very powerful shape effect, when a person who begin to construct his own internal and emotion world the external factors are the most important reference materials for him. This is also the time that the environment begins to label the individual.
The Environment Can Control In times of difficulty, individuals tend to change who they are. For example, when one tends to grow up and go through the stages of adulthood, they change their ways in which they act or think. Situations and environment are able to control and manipulate an individual. Situations can become so severe that they can lead to savagery in one’s individual environment.
Emotions, environment, and how it affects decisions Why do we feel? We feel based on cause and effect relationship between people and their environment. This relationship has decides how we make judgments and critical thoughts. In Barbara Frederickson 's “love 2.0” she explains the chemical imbalance that happens when humans are loved or falling in love, the same rules for love can be applied to motions in general.
Although one’s behavior can be the same as others, especially if they are in the same setting, however those who are in two completely different contexts will experience different reactions, just dependent on exactly where they are. Furthermore, this theory demonstrates that once we have been in a specific setting long enough, then that’s when our behaviors will become consistent over time. On the other hand, individuals might experience particular actions because they arrive at a specific setting, with an already preconceived idea of what to expect causing them to alter their behaviors based on their thoughts about the background. Another reason might be that we adjust our responses because we are unsure of how others might view or accept us being in their environments. Either way, individuals might not be aware of it, but once our surroundings change, then our behaviors is changed as
The purpose of group learning and development is to ensure that all learning styles are catered for and the ultimate goal of sharing knowledge is achieved. When using a group to deliver something new each individual can call on a fellow participant to confirm understanding. 1.2 Explain why delivery of learning and development must reflect group dynamics When delivering to a group it is important to consider, what is the normal behaviour within the group? Who plays what role?
Why wasn’t Harriet Tubman an obvious choice as a leader? Harriet Tubman was not an obvious choice as a leader because she was uneducated, she began her life as a slave, she lived in a culture that did not respect African-Americans, she was barely over five feet tall, and she can not read or write. How did Harriet Tubman gain respect? Harriet Tubman gained respect because every summer she would risk her life by going south and returning with more people, which also gains people trust. She was also fearless, and she her leadership was good.
Group Reflection Elements of Yalom’s therapeutic factors were apparent over the course of the semester while experiencing and conducting our breakout groups. Yalom refers to 11 therapeutic factors in the practice of successful group therapy with them being: installation of hope, universality, imparting information, altruism, corrective recapitulation of primary family, development of socializing techniques, imitative behavior, interpersonal learning, group cohesiveness, catharsis, existential factors. Below, will be a reflection of my experience in the group over the course of the semester. Group Cohesiveness Of the 11 factors, group cohesiveness or the warmth of the group in which everyone felt that they belonged was readily apparent at the
The study of group dynamics provides a vehicle to analyse group communications with the intent of rendering the groups more effective (Davies & Newstrom, 1985) (La Monica, 1985). In the next section, this essay will be focused on the relationships and interactions between leadership behaviour and group dynamics. 2.0 BODY OF ANALYSIS There are many leadership behaviour that affects the employee effectiveness, commitment and group dynamics. According to (Folkman, Z., 2010) they have identified the nine behaviours that will have the greatest impact on employee: inspire and motivate others, driving for results, strategic perspective, collaboration, walk the talk, trust, develops and supports others, building relationships and courage.
Also, it was found that conformity is more pronounced among an in-group contrary
My small group experience was back in Secondary School where I was part of my school’s National Police Cadet Corps (NPCC) Cadet Leaders’ committee. The group lasted for approximately two years. Within the two years, we have meetings every fortnightly. This committee is a task group in which all members worked together to carry out activities for the school’s NPCC unit. The Cadet Leaders’ committee comprises of 10 members.
According to his theory, individuals are born without built-in knowledge. Everybody learns through experience, perception and parental guidance. One answer to providing more effective circumstances to children could be a much more self-critical, reflective and differentiated strategies of instruction developed through meaningful observations, noticing and recognizing what is important, influencing and significant to the child and about the child, and reacting in a supportive way. This kind of healthy interaction between individual child’s genes and the environmental context in which they develop would mean a good initial start. Moreover, chances of positive pathways in life seem to be enhanced by heredity vulnerabilities and complex behaviors.
(1995) conducted a study about Collaborative Learning Enhances Critical Thinking, The idea of Collaborative learning in, the gathering and blending of Students with the end goal of accomplishing a scholastic objective, has been generally inquired about and pushed all through the expert writing. The expression "Collaborative learning" refers to a guideline technique in which Students at different execution levels cooperate in little groupings toward a shared objective. The students are in charge of each other 's learning and also on their own. Along these lines, the achievement of one Student causes different Students to be
Motivation, perception and team work are all vital aspects of a functioning group no matter how big or small. Without these contributions, we cannot achieve the goals. Not only did I learn more about how it is to work in groups, but I also learned something about myself. In the end, the experiences I had, both with the group and individually, was worth it. It prepared me not only in college, but in my future career as well.
However, I do believe our environment whether it be our home, extended family, or neighborhood tends to shape how we think and our world view, and how we respond. Some people can rise above environmental obstacles due to the strength of their genetic traits." Outline I.) Introduce psychology. II.