Literature Review On Substance Use Addiction

1.6 Alcohol relapse Alcohol relapse is the situation in which the person is returning to the previous pattern of alcohol use usually followed by the period of abstinence. Many studies have documented high rates of relapse upto 65-80 percent in the first year of treatment among substance dependents(Vyas and Ahuja 2008).It is a perplexing situation among the substance abusers. Eventhough there are dramatic advancements in the treatment modalities, client compliance is generally poor and response to a drug or alcoholic use is a common occurrence (Kumar, 2014). The major research finding of substance dependence treatment outcome is relapse with approximately 66 percent returning to drinking by the 90th day follow-up assessment. However a variety

He had experienced several blackouts as well as mild to moderate alcohol withdrawal symptoms. To stabilize the withdrawal symptoms, Patient occasionally drink in the morning. Despite suffering from severe alcohol abuse for a long time, he had been reluctant to seek treatment. He agree to seek treatment only after got arrested for driving under influence. Late father was an alcoholic, while father in law used to drink but stopped for a long time already.

In order to study biological addictions, juveniles were tested using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, better known as AUDIT. The results found that those with low scores were at risk for heavy alcohol use. The treatment for addiction varies but Filbey took a look at drug-addicted individuals and their brain activity during times of rest and when an addict might relapse (based on test scores). For those addicts who suffer from alcoholism, they may develop symptoms from alcohol dependency. Anxiety is a huge factor and has been studied in those who do have alcohol dependency and those who do not have alcohol dependency.

Materials Recruitment materials will consist of beginning a database with all interested participants in this study. In order to select 200 participants, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual will be used to diagnose potential participants with heroin dependency addition. In order to effectively measure secondary outcomes, there will be individual assessments used at the beginning and conclusion of the treatment chosen. The European Addiction Severity Index will be used for all participants before and after the treatment. (Blacken, Hendriks, Pozzi, Tempesta, Hartgers, Koeter, & Fahrner. 2015)

One aspect Bowen family therapy focus on is the idea people are the result of an evolutionary process. One component of the model is differentiation of self. Differentiation of self is the separation of one’s intellectual and emotional functioning process from other. Hunger the acronym in HALT states “People who are drug-dependent often try to satisfy this stress signal with drugs”, Anger states “ you might thing of yelling and screaming obscenities or fighting, then maybe going to grab a drink at the bar”, Loneliness states trying to learn how to live without drug dependency”, Tiredness states frequent drinking or drug use leads to problems with sleep, and operating on a lack of sleep can lead to errors in judgment, poor decision-making, and increased stress” @. (2016). What Are the HALT-ernatives To Drug Use?

Introduction Substance use and abuse has far reaching implications for all of society, and has significant effects on the global burden of disease. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA) has indicated that substance use disorders (SUD) may have a formidable effect on the health of individuals, families, and communities (SAMSHA, 2016). Whiteford, Ferrari, Degenhardt, Feigin, and Vos (2015) stated, “Mental, neurological, and substance use disorders are a leading cause of the disease burden worldwide, substantially contributing to health loss across the lifespan” (p. 8). Reasons for the prevalence of substance abuse are multi-factorial. Those who use, or abuse, frequently suffer from a multitude of other problems, such as physical diseases, mental disorders, and dysfunctional familial, social, and financial

Nurse Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome Seynor Massalee Kennedy Oakland University Alcoholism is a chronic, progressive, potentially fatal disease, which is characterized by a persons’ inability to discontinue use despite it resulting into emotional, social, legal or physical problems (Powell, 1999). Alcoholism is a common problem in United States, and an estimated 15%-20% of hospitalized patients are dependent on alcohol. These hospitalized patients are suddenly force to stop drinking, which placed them at a risk for alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). AWS complicates these patients’ treatment and recovery and sometimes causes death (Lussier-Cushing et al., 2007). Regular and excessive use of alcohol leads to tolerance and dependence.

The term substance abuse is predominately used to signify an unhealthy and devitalizing obsession on a mind-altering chemical substance. In addition, it is most often used to refer to illegal drugs as well as legal, regulated substances such as prescription medications and alcohol. Drug abuse is usually considered a punishable offence by many countries and is also regarded as being personally and socially detrimental. Three major sociological paradigms including functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism delve in to the world of addiction as well as the controversies that surround this social issue.

Substance use disorder According to WHO, substance abuse is defined as the consumption of substances that affect the mind in levels that are considered harmful (WHO). Substance abuse covers the abuse of alcohol and drugs such as opioids, amphetamines and cocaine. Substance use disorder is therefore a condition where the use of a substance such as alcohol leads to a severe impairment in one’s ability to be a functional human being. Components of substance use disorder include addiction, dependence and abuse.

Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, Z.S., Nelson, C.B., Hughes, M., Eshelman, S., Wittchen, H.U., & Kendler, K.S. (1993). Lifetime and 12 month prevlance of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 8-19. Risk Factors for Addiction. (n.d.).

The 10-item questionnaire that will serve in assessments in early detection of excessive alcohol consumption and dependence. This tool can be used in primary care settings such as primary care doctor’s offices, and urgent clinics. This both clinician and self-administered tool inexpensive tool. Conversely despite the pros of using this assessment the answers can be altered by clients that are taking this

Addiction is the number one cause of death in the US. Addiction can run in the family and be passed down through genes. Generally, that’s how addiction starts but it can start by recreational use, and then turn into something far more serious. In order to break the addiction, there is a 12 step program to follow, but one must be willing to admit there is a problem. Recovery is hard, but it is possible to maintain.

According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2016), forty percent of adults, ages sixty-five and older, drink alcohol and this can complicate common health problems older adults already face such as diabetes, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, liver problems and mood or memory disorders. Alcohol consumption or other substance use can predispose patients to dangerous interaction with certain medications. Effects of a substance abuse disorder can easily be misinterpreted as signs and symptoms of physical and emotional abuse and often lead to issues with self-neglect. Medical Complication- Diabetes In a study conducted by Ramsey, Engler, Harrington, Smith, Fagan, Stein and Friedmann (2010), it was proven that the consumption of alcohol negatively impacts a person’s self-care behaviors.

Causes and Effects of Drug Abuse Substance abuse is a form of substance-related disorder. It refers to the harmful or hazardous use of substances that affects almost every community, including alcohol, tobacco and legal or illegal drugs. Drug abuse is one of the most commonly substance abuse in teenagers. It is a disease that is defined as a destructive pattern of using drugs that can cause significant problems or distress. The most commonly abused drugs among them are marijuana, cocaine, heroin and hallucinogens.

Addiction is the reliance on a routine. There are many addictive stages. Addiction, as it comes along, becomes a way of life. The persistent use of the substance causes to the user serious physical or psychological problems and dysfunctions in major areas of his or her life. The drug user continues to use substances and the compulsive behavior despite the harmful consequences, and tries to systematically avoid responsibility and reality, while he or she tends to isolate himself/herself from others because of guilt and pain (Angres, & Bettinardi-Angres, 2008).