Native American Fishing Essay

Or their need to ever expand and drive the Indians off their land, when all the natives where concerned with is if they could hunt and fish. (Tindall, 2013)However some indigenous seemed to thrive living in close proximity to settlers, of

The document “Thomas Jefferson and the American Indian Nations: Native American Sovereignty and the Marshall Court” is a historical journal article written in 2006. It was published in the thirty first volume of the Journal of Supreme Court History, a popular historical journal focusing on the history and actions of the Supreme Court. It was written by Stephen G. Bragaw, Ph.D., a Visiting Professor of Politics at Washington and Lee University. He has published numerous articles and papers, and has extensive experience in American History and Politics. The Journal of Supreme Court History is a historical journal that is very popular among historians, those interested in the history of the Supreme Court, and most likely also modern politicians

As the Europeans settled, they focused on entitling the land to themselves. The Indians began to shift their view as the Europeans started to do whatever with “their” land plots. Animals began to be seen as property as well. They used to, “pray for the spirits of the animals they hunted,” and had close relations to the spirits that embodied them. These relations rapidly changed native culture and soon enough, “they had forgotten most of their traditions because ‘their Old Men are

In 1775, most Native Americans generally were called savages and many people did not particularly want them on or even sort of more specifically living on U.S soil. But as the United States is dealing issues based on the pretty Revolutionary War, Native Americans are dealing with their own problems at this time in a major way. Native Americans faced a "New World" with the creation of the new United States of America. During the many years of conflict they faced before, Native American groups, like many other residents of North America, had to bravely choose the loyalist or patriot cause or somehow actually maintain a neutral stance. But the Native Americans for the most part had distinctive issues of their own trying to hold on to their homelands as well as maintain access to trade and supplies as war took over their

“Along with the treaties, the federal government had pledged to protect the Indians” (DeFrees). The treaty with the Cherokee nation was one of many examples of how the treaty was abandoned. “The treaty between the Cherokee Nation and the United States contained a provision by which "all white people who have intruded, or may hereafter intrude, on the lands of the Cherokee, shall be removed by the United States" (DeFrees). Another treaty between the Indians and Americans guaranteed peace and the honor of Indian territories. This treaty was made mainly to make sure that the fur trade would not be.

The actions of the United States government toward Native tribes have changed drastically over the course of American history. The pre-Civil War (1776-1860) period was characterized by a policy of displacement, removal, and assimilation of Native tribes as the United States sought to expand its territories. After the Civil War (1864-1890), the government adopted a policy of reservation-based Native self-determination, which allowed Native tribes to retain their autonomy and cultural identity. In the pre-Civil War period, the government’s treatment of Native tribes was largely based on the Doctrine of Discovery.

Time after time, reservation after reservation, Native Americans were promised safe and secure lands. However, Eastern settlers constantly traveled upon these Western lands and searched for fame, fortune, and livelihood. But for every dollar these settlers were gaining, they were causing sufferable harm to the Native Americans. one such industry was Buffalo hunting. Native Americans relied on the Buffalo as a food source, clothing, and other various tools and goods.

Criminalization affected the rights of Alaska Natives such as the Tlingit much as it did the Indians in Canada and the lower United States. Sovereignty, fishing and hunting rights for subsistence, and the allowance of potlatches were especially prevalent. An 1872 Alaska court ruling gave Natives the same rights as non-Indians but didn’t recognize Native legal or political institutions. The sovereignty of Alaskan Native tribes was not recognized so the state asserted their own sovereignty and, defying the federal laws, claimed complete jurisdiction over the Natives living within their borders.

The Creeks, Cherokee, and Chickasaw established policies that restricting land sales to the government. But some natives tried to coexist with settlers and get rid of any hostility. They made attempts that included giving up some of their land to the United States for the new territory they received in exchange. Indian nations, such as the Creeks and the Seminoles, refused to leave their land and even started war to protect their homes.

government. This includes the right to land and self-governance. Many of the past polices have contributed to poor economic conditions and stereotypes of Native people. During the expansion of the U.S., Native people were seen as “in the way” and uncultured. So, in turn, the government made policy to solve this problem.

Public Law 83-280 was passed by Congress in 1953 to provide some states criminal jurisdiction over Native Americans living on reservations and to allow state courts to handle civil cases that had previously been handled by tribe or federal courts. The bill did not provide states the authority to regulate tribes or properties held in trust by the federal government, nor did it offer them the authority to impose state taxes or confer federally guaranteed tribal hunting, trapping, and fishing rights. From 1953 to now, Native American law and jurisdiction have been changed drastically through the U.S. congress and new court cases that helped shape the modern-day Native American law and jurisdiction system. The system is now independent and responsible

In the 1800s, Native Americans had few rights in the United States. Even though Native Americans have lived in North America for longer than any European settler or explorer, they had always been viewed as uncivilized and inferior when compared to White settlers because of their origins. The belief of Manifest Destiny, which is the idea that God meant for the United States to own all of North America, caused Natives to be pushed out of their homes. President Andrew Jackson passed an act that forced Natives to succumb to white culture or relocate to reservations. Natives that relocated had to walk the Trail of Tears to get to the reservations.

First, there is an unspoken belief that the United States is that Native Americans are free to be used as though they are not human. The belief is that everyone owns Native Americans and their lands which dehumanizes them (Hirschfelder & Molin 2018). In addition, Native Americans have also been given the stereotype that they are violent individuals. Throughout history, Native Americans that chose to fight back when English settlers began taking their land were deemed as “merciless Indian savages.” As this image transitioned into modern culture, it became rare to see a depiction of a Native American without a tomahawk or a scalping knife in their hand (Hirschfelder & Molin 2018).

The Native American communities in the United States have undergone significant changes and faced numerous challenges. Some of the challenges faced being; termination policies, the Red Power movement, self-determination and tribal sovereignty, legal battles and land rights, economic development, cultural revitalization, health disparities, and political representation. Native Americans have made many valuable contributions to modern day USA culture, language, arts, foods, and government. Yet they have also faced many challenges and changes that affected their communities in so many different ways.

Another example of the Native Americans not having equal political rights was in the letter sent by the Cherokee Nation of Indians, who stated “The letter says we will be punished if we refuse to go along with the treaty.” “Have we violated any of our many treaties? Have we acted in bad faith? We have done no such thing....” This quote portrays that even though the Native Americans have done nothing, Whites keep accusing them of violating their treaties.