Organ Bath Experiment

Name: Avishak Deb Roy Partners: Leevell Penn, Varugh, Butler Bio 101 Lab Report #1 02.22.2018 Swimming speed of paramecium tetraurelia in different levels of treatment. Introduction Paramecia is a unicellular Protista which are naturally found in aquatic habitats. It is easily cultured in the laboratory. It is oblong shaped and covered with short hairy structure called cilia. Paramecia does not pose any health or ethical concerns and the population can be maintained if there is a food source such as Enterobacter (Biological Foundation 7).

Binding of albuterol to beta (2)-receptors in the lungs results in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles. It is believed that salbutamol increases cAMP production by activating adenylate cyclase, and the actions of salbutamol are mediated by cAMP. Increased intracellular cyclic AMP increases the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, which inhibits the phosphorylation of myosin and lowers intracellular calcium concentrations. A lowered intracellular calcium concentration leads to a smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation. In addition to bronchodilation, salbutamol inhibits the release of

If the drug is administered in a rectal pathway approximately 100% of Secobarbital is absorbed. The absorption of Secobarbital is rapid and takes duration of 3-4hrs. Since Secobarbital has extremely high lipid solubility and protein binding the drug is distributed to tissues and fluids across the body. The volume of distribution of Secobarbital in adults is 1.5 L/kg Secobarbital is metabolized by the liver via the major metabolite penultimate oxidation of the 1-methylbutyl substituent to form 5-allyl-5(3 '-hydroxy-1 '-methylbutyl)barbituric acid (hydroxysecobarbital).

Acetylcholine will slow the heart rate. The airways become constricted. Digestion is stimulated. The gall bladder is stimulated to release bile in anticipation of needing to digest fats. Blood vessels are dilated in intestines and rectum.

After finding the Rf values of the four known compounds, solvent 1 (99.5% ethyl acetate/0.5% acetic acid) was chosen, due to the wide range of results, for the remaining experiments. Ibuprofen, our known tablet, gave a similar Rf value to our previous results for Ibuprofen. For Anadin extra, there were three compounds identified as Caffeine, Paracetamol and Aspirin as the Rf values of the drug were close to the values of these three compounds in the first part of the practical. For both of these known drugs, the Rf values acquired were close to my predictions before the experiment. For the unknown powder, we obtained Rf values of 0.52 and 0.76 so we believe that the unknown powder contains Aspirin and Ibuprofen.

After 90 seconds a second washout occurs. At 180 seconds the length of the guinea pig ileum is reset to 2cm (note. The aforementioned steps are called the 3 minute cycle). Another dose of acetylcholine is added which follows the 3 minute cycle, however the concentration is increased by 1 x 10⁻⁸ M . This is repeated until the maximum response of acetylcholine

No. Parameters VALSARTAN NIFEDIPINE 1 Linearity Range (μg/ml) 4-20 1.5-7.5 2 Regression Line Equation (y = mx + c) y = 39992x+68009 y = 11484x-18115 3 Correlation Coefficient (R²) 0.999 0.998 4 Intraday Precision (%RSD, n=3) 0.3584 – 0.5033 0.2983 – 0.4804 5 Interday Precision (% RSD, n=3) 0.4214 – 0.6017 0.4378 – 0.5492 6 Repeatability (% RSD, n=6) 0.5635 0.4628 7 LOD (μg/ml) 0.1067 0.2078 8 LOQ (μg/ml) 0.3236 0.6298 9 % Recovery Study (n=3) 99.50 – 100.15 99.33 – 100.40 REFERENCES: 1.

In this lab, we tested 8 known ingredients to find what ingredients was in our unknown A and unknown B medications. We first tested the water solubility of our knowns and unknowns. We found that of the knowns, cornstarch and acetaminophen were the only ones not water soluble. The unknowns were also not water soluble. Th next test was the pH test.

DISCUSSION The response of the guinea pig ileum to agonist ACh was a proportional contraction of smooth muscle to the increase dosage shown in Figure 1 and Table 1. From figure 1, in lower concentrations of ACh in the presense of Atr, there was a lower dose response, suggesting Ach is no longer in a non-competitive environment. Both curves from the dose responses (Figure 1) reach 100% maximum response even in the presence of Atr, showing a rightward parallel shift, indicates the agonist efficacy was not affected by the presence of the competitive antagonist (Neal, 2009). The EC50¬¬ of ACh also increased in the presence of Atr, indicating ACh is acting as a competitive antagonist, thus showing that Atr reduced its potency of ACh.

Their power, their duration of action, toxicity and diffusion rate may vary with the considered molecule. In general, these substances can be divided into short-acting products (procaine), intermediate-acting (lidocaine, mepivacaine) and long-acting (bupivacaine, ropivacaine). The inhibitory effect first reached the fibers of the autonomic nervous system and fibers sensitive to pain, cold, warm to the touch, and finally the motor fibers; and conversely when the action of the anesthetic disappears.

In this lab we used two processes called Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Diffusion is a process that requires no energy and involves smaller non-polar molecules. In Figure 1 you can see the molecules spreading throughout the glass from the area of high concentration, so that the areas with low concentration are filled evenly as well. The other process was osmosis.

There was no difference in the effect of atrazine on both genders. For both genders, once the level was past 1 ppb, a steady decrease of size is noted, but when less than 1 ppb, a minimal increase is seen. In both trials, the data had the same pattern of size increase and decrease with the levels of atrazine despite the different levels, thus the experiment was repeatable. The effect of an exposure that is less than 1 ppb typically resulted in a small increase in size, but once the atrazine level was 1 ppb or greater, there was a steady decrease in the muscle’s size.

his lab was designed to explain the different things osmosis does using an egg and different liquids. The lab includes diffusion in it, and it is movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. There are many types of diffusion such as osmosis, the diffusion of water across a semi permeable membrane. It occurs when water moves from an area where it is more concentrated to an area where it is less concentrated. Cells also have an outer covering called the cell membrane that is selectively permeable; it has tiny pores or holes that allow objects to move across it.

Research has discovered that the human body produces this drug to help naturally regulate different pumps that are not working effectively or efficiently (Goodsell,

1 Chromatographic decontamination 1) ion trade Decontamination of steed Ig by particle trade strategies has been portrayed. These creators took after the technique for Ter Avest et.al. (1992) with minor adjustments, utilizing DE-52 cellulose or DEAE CL-6b. 1gram DE-52 cellulose in 6ml 0.01m phosphate cradle (PB) ph6.0 was included every ml of serum.