Outline For A Qualitative Research Essay

Retrieved October 19, 2015, from Educational Research Complete. Summary: In Putting the “Her” in Science Hero Susan Wentworth tackles the misconception that only men can be scientists. Exposing children, especially girls, to scientists who are female is important because girls may not necessarily realize that a scientific field is an open option. In her plan of attack, Wentworth created a unit to allow student to gain exposure to a women in the field of science with Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence in mind.

Gottfried Kirch, a German astronomer, described the level of intelligence his wife, Maria Winkelmann possessed (Doc 6). He insinuated that women might be more observant than men when she observes something he does not. Another man, Gottfriend Leibniz, a German mathematician and philosopher, described that women who are educated are often more intelligent than men (Doc 7). He says how women are better at making decisions due to how conscious they are. A newspaper article that recognized women’s credibility in science wrote an article on Dorothea Scholzer the first woman to receive a Ph. D. (Doc 13).

Point out the main reason to why there is such a small amount of woman in these fields and what holds a woman back from achieving her goals in the science fields. The main reasons are Fear, society’s norms, starting a family, women’s role in a marriage and in a home, competition in the workplace and no encouragement from peers, teachers, family and co-workers and salary differences between men and woman. Pollack shares her own experience as a woman who has a science degree in physics and also the experiences of other woman in the science fields. Pollack shares the different ways men and women are treated during the time they attend school, university and

Joe Ramirez J.West ENGL 1301.M1 22 September 2017 Outliers Geniuses In 2008, journalist Malcolm Gladwell published the book “Outliers” a best-selling book about how we measure success as a society. In the book Gladwell discusses the different ways we measure success and touches upon common misconceptions regarding the matter of how society comprehends success. One chapter entitled “The Trouble with Geniuses, Part 1” highlights the contrast between success and Intelligence quotient, this chapter really intrigued me because Gladwell makes valid points in arguing about how a high IQ does not automatically equal success and backs up his argument by giving examples. Although some may argue that success measured through intelligence many others like Malcolm Gladwell would think otherwise since every person measures success differently in society.

All through 1968 and 1978, there was an estimated one hundred percent increase of female science and engineering majors in the US. Between 1971 and 1972, a study of over four hundred and forty campuses nationwide displayed that about seventeen percent of the polled STEM majors were women (unintentionally, there was limited discrimination in the American Education System). For the women who applied to engineering programs were enlisted at the same rates as men. Unfortunately, it was estimated that women made up about five percent of engineering majors in that period. Similar efforts and supporting actions were enforced throughout the US to increase recruitment rates in the STEM system.

In the essay “Women’s Brains” published in 1980 in Natural History, Stephen Jay Gould, an evolutionary biologist, argues against the judgments against women referring to their “lack” of intelligence. He also argues that we cannot trust science to give us the full truth without missing something. Gould wrote this text in response to a study from the French professor Paul Broca when he founded that women are inferior to men because their skull size was smaller making them not as smart and Gould analyzed not only Broca’s work but also many of his followers to show that the results they found from their own work always has one flaw in their work when they argue that women aren’t as smart as men. He studied Broca’s work to argue that Broca’s conclusions

Marie Meurdrac was a French scientist who wrote Chemistry Simplified for Women. In the foreword of this book, she stated that she herself thought that it was not a lady’s job to teach. But instead of remaining silent, she broke through the social barriers and decided that the minds of men and women were equal, and published her book (Doc 2). Another woman who derived from societal norms and continued to study science was Marie Thiroux d’Acronville, a French anatomical illustrator who wrote Thoughts on Literature, Morals, and Physics. She wrote in the preface of her book that women should not study medicine and astronomy.

The Women’s Brains essay was first published in Natural History in 1980 by Stephen Jay Gould, a geology and zoology professor at Harvard University. In this essay, Paul Broca, a respectable and influential professor of clinical surgery at the Faculty of Medicine in Paris, concluded from his research on brain sizes that women “could not equal them [men] in intelligence”. Despite the prevalent acceptance of this conclusion in the nineteenth century, Gould refused to concede and argued against Broca’s claim through a scientific filter, where historical information, quantitative numbers and experts’ opinions were used to present an objective and credible counterargument. The clever manipulation and usage of the evidences effectively substantiated

Having more women, in STEM fields would also “lessen occupational segregation and reduce the level of gender inequality in the labor force” (Xie and Shauman, 2005, p. 4)”(page 5). If more women enter the STEM area, it can actually benefit the community of women . Not only will it give women more of a voice, but it could reduce inequality. Along with Inequality in the social spectrum, Women also deal with inequality in the health area. “So what difference does it make when there is a lack of women in science?

Lewis Terman believed that IQ was the determining factor in any one person’s life - it would decide how successful they would be, how many awards they would receive and scholarly papers they would write, how well their future job might pay. He tested and gathered the most measurably intelligent children he could find - “gifted” individuals - and studied them over the course of their lives to observe how far they would go. The outcome of that study, and how Terman’s idea has created and influenced gifted programs for children in the United States, will show that not only does the gifted classification serve no long-term purpose, but it also tends to hurt the upcoming generations more than it helps them, creating a faulty dichotomy within the education system. Malcolm Gladwell disproves the idea of IQ determining success in his book Outliers, but that hasn’t stopped anyone from believing it.

When I was young, I never thought that I would want to have anything to do with a STEM career. I always thought that it wasn’t something that women did, and therefore I couldn’t do it. It wasn’t until I was in high school started learning more about science and hearing encouragement from my teachers that I realized that pursuing a career in science would be possible. Just like how Chimamanda Adichie says in her Ted Talk, “The single story creates stereotypes, and the problem with stereotypes is not that they are untrue, but that they are incomplete. They make one story become the only story.”

3. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH THEORY 3.1 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Qualitative research is a form of research in which the researcher collects and interprets data, meaning the researcher is as important in the research process as the participants and the data they provide. Reason and Rowan (2004) have argued that the core element of a qualitative research approach is to connect meanings to the experiences of respondents and their lives. According to Clissett (2008) qualitative research involves a variety of research methods that can be used to explore human experience, perceptions, motivations and behaviours. Qualitative research is characterised by collection and analysis of words in the form of speech or writing.

In the American Political Science Association, an article discusses the lack of women representation in politics. When Gender and Party Collide: Stereotyping in Candidate Trait Attribution by Danny Hayes showed that voters are willing to stereotype candidates on the basis of their gender, which for some is advantageous, but for women, it becomes an obstacle (Hayes, 134). Decades of research has shown that voters tend to view female candidates as more liberal, less capable of handling national security and foreign policy, and less tough but more empathetic. Along with unequal representation in politics, the science field also embodies the same lack of representation. In her article, Gender Roles and Stereotypes about Science Careers Help Explain Women and Men’s Science Pursuits, Jane Stout agrees with Danny Hayes argument that women face stereotypes that hinder them from engaging in certain fields of work.

When she was studying in a rural public school, her principal expressed, “girls never go on in science and math.” This shows the biased role models in American K-12 schools. Teachers cannot foster the initiative of learning about science if they continue the stereotype threat. The negative stereotypes transmitted from schoolteachers affect girls’ science attitudes and eventually undermine their academic performance and interest in science. Female students are afraid of selecting a STEM major as their future career, because their science teachers indicate that they cannot get the same successful academic achievement in this field as men

Moreover, according to the report presented by the US Department of Commerce, more than 50% of the total jobs in the country is taken by females. However, only 25% of them is in the fields of science, technology, engineering and math (Stem), regardless of the 33% more value in the average salary of other industries (Knight, 2011). Reports also show that on average, men get higher salaries than women. Work expectations among men is also higher as compared to women (Hays & Farhar, 2000, p. 20). The report also indicates that for all those students who have graduated Stem, less women will pursue and advance in jobs in related fields.