Patient Satisfaction Model

PROBLEM SOLUTION With patients today using the threat of reporting low satisfaction rates in the hopes of receiving faster or higher quality care, they seem to have taken the upper hand in some of the decision making of what takes place in the healthcare world today (Sullivan). But is it really the survey results that will make the drastic changes that are needed? Instead of questioning whether providers spend enough time with patients, ensuring that the provider gives the patient the option of which medical treatment or drug is best for them, or simply having the patient rate the provider from 0-10, zero being “worst provider possible” to ten being “best provider possible,” (Ganey) patients should simply be asked to leave comments or concerns about their visit. It is understandable and unfortunate that not everyone in the healthcare field can do their job professionally and appropriately, and those people should be reported.

Two examples of theories that emphasize the fundamental needs of patients and their capacity for self-care are Virginia Henderson's Need Theory and Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory

The text described the dimensions and level of patient involvement in great detail using the M-APR model. The “M” stands for micro, meso, and macro; then across two dimensions the “APR,” which stands for active/proactive and passive/reactive involvement. These dimensions suggest that patient, family, and public involvement and feedback into CQI can be attained through a variety of mechanisms (Sollecito, Johnson, Pages 210-216). According to the text, passive involvement perceives services and system drawings on more removed, yet still useful, sources of patient feedback.

Demonstrating ‘respect for patients’ values, preferences and expressed needs,’ is one of the eight dimensions of person centred care outlined by the Picker Institute (ref). Morgan and Yoder (2012) described ‘respectful care’ as being an attribute of person centred and while the author does not disagree with this idea of ‘respectful care’ being inherent to person centred care, the author believes that Slater (2006) more accurately describes dignity and respect as being antecedents of person centred care. These antecedents drive respect of personal values, individual needs and decisions, a consequence of which is an improved therapeutic relationship and health outcomes. The author considers this view of dignity, compassion and respect as antecedents

Humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow put forward his theory of the hierarchy of needs through the shape of a pyramid. He suggested that each step in this pyramid became of importance when the needs of an individual are not met. To progress upwards in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs one has to meet each level to a satisfactory standard and when this is happens he claims that a person has reached a point of self-actualisation. All the necessities he mentioned had to be met before this could be realised however. He believed that everyone was capable of attaining self-actualisation but unfortunate life experiences do disrupt a person’s progress and they can go up and down the pyramid when these unlucky moments present themselves in life (ClassNotes, 2014).

The Road: A Breakdown of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs In Cormac McCarthy’s post-apocalyptic novel, “The Road”, a man and his young son find themselves on a journey fighting for survival through a dark and desolate world. With no identity or any hope in the future, the characters are faced with many compromising decisions. Two levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, the physiological and safety levels provide the most motivation and validation for the characters’ actions throughout the novel. There are 5 major levels to Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs; physiological, safety, emotional, esteem, and self-actualization (Maslow 1).

This means that the nurse and patient have an interpersonal relationship where they communicate information, set goals together and then take action to achieve these goals, in order to grow and develop in hope of attaining certain life goals (Petripin). The patient is a social being with three fundamental needs: the need for information, the need for care that seeks to prevent illness, and the need for care when a patient is unable to help themselves (Petripin). King (1992) states that “the goal of nursing is health promotion, maintenance and/or restoration; care of the sick or injured; and care of the dying”. Based on these goals of nursing, The Theory of Goal Attainment is then separated intro three interacting systems: the personal system, the interpersonal system, and the social system. According to King, Individuals compromise one type of system in the environment called personal systems.

The Importance of the Six Aims of Quality Patient Care (STEEEP) Since the addition of Crossing the Quality Chasm six aims of quality patient care was created by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), there has been a significant change in the effectiveness and condition of patient care. Before this report came out in 2001, health care providers did not realize that they were not providing proper care to patients in addition to disorganization and complexity of standards of care. The IOM was able to determine that, “failure of system processes, poor communication, and unhealthy work environments contribute to medical errors, ineffective delivery of care, and stress among health professionals” (Winterbottom 2012). It is essential for patients to feel

Whereas, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs were also divided into different stages from the physiological needs, safety needs, love or belongings, esteem and then to the stage of self-actualization (Maslow,

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Countless psychologists have theorized about human behavior, but few theories have had the impact that Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs has had. Maslow was looking to explain the motivation behind people’s actions. He developed his theory to represent the needs people need to meet to be comfortable in their living situations. Based on Maslow’s theory, phycologists can determine why people partake in the actions they do. For example, people who do not feel belonging and love as children are more likely to join gangs or other organizations to gain a sense of belonging.

This theory is proposed by Araham Harold Maslow by year 1954. There are 5 different needs in this theory which consists of: Physiological; Safety; Belongingness; Need for esteem and Self-actualization. Maslow believed that a man being motivated by the needs he wants to satisfy. So, the fundamental needs must be satisfy in order to begin motivating behavior (Adiele and Abraham, 2013). 1) Physiological Physiological needs is fundamental and most basic need for human survival.

As mentioned in chapter 2 several previous studies conducted in the context of developed countries also found that patient expectation as an important factor in creating a better therapeutic relationship (Hills & Kitchen, 2007; Basely, 2010; McPherson, Kayes & Basely, 2011; Fuentes et al., 2014; Keffee et al., 2016). Therefore, to identify patient expectations and act accordingly is essential to create a positive therapeutic relationship in the context of physiotherapy. So, rather than a paternalistic approach, a mutual power sharing could be recommended to act upon the matter of patient expectation, which in turn affected patient satisfaction.

Five Levels in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and How They Influence Us Abraham Maslow, who was an American psychologist created a hierarchy of needs. There are five levels, with the basic needs at the bottom. He explains that if the basic needs are not satisfied we cannot move up the pyramid, despite a few instances (Lilienfeld et al., 2016). The first level is physiological needs which is satisfying hunger, thirst, and fatigue. Physiological needs influence us because if we are not satisfying our hunger, we can lose weight, or be malnourished.

Value expectancy model The expectancy is considered as a general concept in psychology, however, conversely in the health literature it is assumed as it is in the real world. In psychology, expectancy theory posits that satisfaction is expressed by a difference between what one received and expected or wanted to receive. However, expectations are made of “cognitive processes” and shaped by “previous experiences”, so it is dynamic, complex beliefs (Bowling et al., 2012). Linder-Pelz theory, value-expectancy model, is based on social-psychological theory as they proposed five social-psychological variables, “occurrences”, “value”, ”expectations”, ”interpersonal comparisons”, and ”entitlement” as determinants of patient satisfaction to explain

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This theory lies on the premise that people can rarely achieve their full potential without having met their basic needs; if the target population lacks of basic needs, any intervention that does not address this particular issue will fail. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is based on the physiological and psychological needs. Once these needs are covered, we will be able to engage someone to change habits in order to achieve our goals. It is highly important to recognize the target population and their basic needs.