The Importance Of Emergency Management

Non-maleficence is the principle of not harming another person, in a disaster, delay in treatment can do harm, accordingly prompt communication is vital in addressing care needs of a community. Beneficence refers to doing good, and justice refers to equity of distribution of health care resources. In an emergency, Beneficence and Justice can be achieved by efficient and effective triage to allocate limited resources to the neediest patients (Grimaldi, 2007). Grimaldi (2007) states “patients who can be saved and whose lives are in immediate danger should be treated first”

They are also involved in emergency relief efforts providing security, medical supplies, and humanitarian

From: Ervin Jackson III To: Dr. Ponmile Olonilua HMSC-260: Introduction to Homeland Security Subject: Chapter 2 Exercise September 3, 2016 1. What are the primary missions of these organizations? The primary mission of these organizations is being prepared to handle array of natural and human disasters. Homeland security is a concerted national effort to prevent and disrupt terrorist attacks, protect against man-made and natural hazards, and respond to and recover from incidents that do occur.

When a disaster occurs the federal, state, and local governments contact the military for help and support due to the their advantages attached to military operations and response which could benefit in them in manpower with specific qualifications, skills and expertise, strategic and rapid mobilization, updated technology and a variety of equipment (helicopters, aircraft, earth-moving machinery, respirators, medical supplies, power and lighting equipment, under-water capability, etc.) that most emergency organizations are unable to acquire on a moment notice (Kapucu, 2011). Besides, the military’s bureaucratic structure with hierarchical rules in place are effective in command, coordination, and control of manpower, authority, and regulations, is beneficial in providing effective response actions during the time of emergency (Anderson 1970; Schrader 1993; Sylves 2008; US House of Representatives 2006) (Kapucu, 2011). This advantage cut time in half because the structure is already set up without questioning who is doing what or who is in charge. Additionally, the military supports in sheltering the homeless, the construction of temporary housing and restoration of minimal critical infrastructure (water, electric, sanitation, communication infrastructure, etc.), (Miskel 2006; Schrader 1993), (Kapucu, 2011).

Once the natural disaster occurs, immediate response needs to follow. This period is often chaotic due to the publics, fears, sustained injuries, and apparent damages are seen. During this stage, the community nurse can provide medical attention to the injured victims as well as emotional support. Public

Garnett, Jeffrey D., and Melinda Moore. 2010. "Enhancing Disaster Recovery: Lessons from Exemplary International Disaster Management Practices." Journal Of Homeland Security & Emergency Management 7, no. 1: 1-20. International Security & Counter Terrorism Reference Center, EBSCOhost (accessed October 23, 2015). American Red Cross.

“More than 68 million meals were served during the response” (Red Cross Helps When Disaster Strikes”). Feeding the newly homeless and people who now had nothing was also a top priority. Making sure no one starved to death in the middle of a tropical storm was important. Neighboring states offered shelters and meal to anyone affected by the storm. During the storm FEMA, provided daily updates which helped people around the world understand the severity of the storm and what the people were going through.

Introduction This informational interview was conducted with Dr. Pamela Aaltonen, a Homeland Security instructor at Purdue University, and active member at the Tippecanoe Board of Health. Her role here is to frame issues in the concept of Homeland security and emergency management. Dr. Aaltonen holds a key role in Homeland Security, as many disasters contain human health issues, such as mass causalities, pandemic outbreaks, and sanitary issues following natural disasters. Dr. Aaltonen’s flavor of Homeland Security differs from the work that I normally see, but as displayed during the interview, Homeland Security is a multi-disciplinary field that requires cooperation across all fields.

Every eight minutes, the American Red Cross responds to an emergency. The staff assists the victim however possible. Helping the community is the main goal of the association. Shelter, food, and clothing are provided during natural disasters. The International Organization all began with the work of Clara Barton.

In Katrina’s Wake: National Guidance Throughout the history of the United States Military, historians recorded the heroic actions of Soldiers, Airman, Sailors, and Marines that won countless battles in various conflicts around the world. In modern times, the role of the military changed drastically, especially in regards to the military’s role within natural disasters. Therefore, a National Guidance of Preparedness was developed, which reinforces response readiness and provides guidelines for the sharing of responsibility between all levels of government. After a review of the actions in the wake of Hurricane Katrina in 2006, federal, state, and local governments aided in the development of the guidelines, which shape and support preparedness

Many hospitals and clinics were damaged, including one of the nursing schools, killing 150 students. Days following the earthquake, rescue and relief workers began pouring into the region. Dr. Farmer was one of the first to arrive in country with medical supplies and other resources necessary to assist but the task of triaging patients to appropriate care centers and placing volunteers in the right place was overwhelming amidst a country in shock. NGO’s filtered in from across the world and set up their own “semi-autonomous worlds” (Farmer, pg. 15). The General Hospital became a make shift tent city for the dead, wounded, and

Personnel and equipment come into the devastated area from all over the country, as well as Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands” (Bell, 2006, p. 26). 2005 brought the largest national response to natural disasters. Hurricane’s Katrina and Rita affected numerous states. The states affected were unable to help themselves, as would be responders were now victims. In addition to the lack of responders, the local infrastructure was decimated and local and state officials were unable to respond.

Before the First World War, the Red Cross introduced its “first aid, water safety, and public health nursing programs” (Who is Clara Barton, 2008) In regards to natural disasters, they provided relief for the Great Depression during the 1930s and also the during the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 which was the largest Red Cross Response in it’s history. Here they provided millions of people with food, shelter, and money to get back on their feet, emotional support, etc. Their first congressional charter was received in 1900 and the second in 1905. Then their third was adopted in May 2007 which “restates the traditional purposes of the organization” which includes being a form of communication between those in the American armed forces and their families as well as providing an international and national disaster relief and mitigation (Who is Clara Barton, 2008).

Many people have advocated for changes in our policies towards nature as they understand that our surrounding environment is constantly under human abuse. Yet many also deny that our actions have any substantial negative effect, such as those who deny the existence of global warming. However, I believe that our actions have severe impacts on the environment around us and I intend to research studies revealing the various consequences of human activity. In Annie Dillard’s

A catastrophic incident could result in sustained national impacts over a prolonged period of time; almost immediately exceeds resources normally available to state, local, tribal, and private-sector in the impacted area; and significantly interrupts government operations and emergency services to such an extent that national security will be threatened. (Reilly & Markenson, 2011, p.274) Analyze and explain real-life examples of disasters that overwhelmed a community, and its local resources. Evaluate and describe why an emergency management plan can fail.