Review Chapter 1 Psychology

One of the most complex aspects of being human relates to the state of consciousness. It offers perhaps the most varied of experiences, from the state in which people are in when they are not conscious to the representation of semi-consciousness to the full reality of the waken state. Cognitive neuroscience may be one of the most well-explored areas of human well-being, and yet there is still so much more to learn about the inner workings of arguably the most important organ in the body. Chapter 3 delves into the concept of consciousness and the two-track mind, in an attempt to explain everything from sleep issues to addiction to the hypnosis to the ways in which the brain processes just about everything. The brain is a highly complex organ that is responsible for everything from knowledge to personality and everything in between.

According to Dictionary.com (2017), the definition of psychology is: “The scientific study of mental processes and behaviour. The behavioural and cognitive characteristics of a specific individual, group, activity, or circumstance.” Psychology studies human mental functioning and behaviour by the use of systematic, scientific study known as the scientific method. The scientific method is a standardised way of making observations, gathering data, forming theories, testing predictions and interpreting results. Courses.lumenlearning.com (2017) stated that the scientific method is based on the following process: 1.Ask a question.

A. Petechiae Pinpoint hemorrhagic areas that occur during birth and disappear 2-3 days after birth B. Forceps Marks Linear marks across both sides of the face in the shape of the blades of the forceps. Marks resolve on their own over several days C. Pathologic Jaundice Higher levels of unconjugated bilirubin that appears in the first 24hrs and requires phototherapy to resolve D. Port wine stain Red birthmarks that are smooth made up of tiny capillaries. They are not blanch on pressure or disappear E. Hemangioma Raised growth that is bright or dark red F. Café Au Lait Spots Flat pigmented birthmarks Head: Normal Finding or Definition A. Relationship to body Makes up ¼ of the body length B. Relationship to Chest 2-3 cm less than head circumference

1. You always try to impress other people. You seek other people 's approval of your choices and actions. 2. You talk too much and loudly.

Summary: Chapter 2 Chapter two dives into the concept of learning. As mentioned in the previous chapter, learning is the study of changes in behavior produced by experience, so when studying learning it is vital to examine how events in the environment change an individual’s behavior. Many scientists consider learning to be a natural phenomenon, they make their case based on four assumptions. The first assumption being that natural phenomena’s do not just happen, but instead they are caused as the result of some other event. The second assumption is that causes precede effects.

In chapter 7 the main topics that were discussed were thinking, language and intelligence. The aspect of cognition is defined as the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining and using knowledge. Thinking involves be to manipulate internal, mental representation of information to be able to draw inferences and conclusions. With thinking there are two kinds of mental representation present which are, mental images and concepts. There are also types of concepts that are used with thinking.

After reading this week’s chapters from our textbook, one interesting topic that was discussed in chapter five was classifying instructional objectives. When a teacher wants to design objectives, it is important that they use three domains and they are the cognitive domain, affective domain, and psychomotor domain. The cognitive domain involves mental operations from the lowest level of the simple recall of information to complex, high-level evaluative process (Carjuzaa & Kellough, 2017, pg. 136). The affective domain involves feelings, attitudes, and values and ranges from the lower levels of acquisition to the highest level of internalization and action (Carjuzaa & Kellough, 2017, pg. 136). Psychomotor domain ranges from the simple manipulation

In chapter 7, I found the concept of punishment to be most intriguing. Punishment is a part of operant conditioning which was theorized by B.F. Skinner. Punishment is often confused with negative reinforcement. However, the main difference between the two is: while the goal of reinforcement is to increase the likelihood of a behavior, the primary goal of punishment is to reduce the chances of the behavior it follows. In 1938, Skinner concluded that punishment produces only temporary suppression of behavior but later research found that effects may be permanent.

I am studying a Psychology degree and this field I have chosen really interests me because I have a passion for helping people. Generally, I am that type of person to put other's happiness and well-being before my own, because it makes me feel like I have a sense of purpose. Also, since I was a little girl I have always been so fascinated with the way people interact, behave, think and feel. I always asked 'why?' and I still do to this very day.

Charlotte Buckhold Unit 1 Individual Project PSYC102-1503B-02 August 19, 2015 Cognitive Psychology is the study of mental processes, going beyond the “conscious” and “unconscious” of psychodynamic psychology, delving into the studies of sensation, perception, problem solving, attention, memory, learning and intelligence. Cognitive psychology was born from the dissatisfaction of behavioral psychology, which focuses on the studies of people’s observable behaviors as opposed to ones internal process. Some of the key concepts of cognitive psychology are perception, memory and language. Perception is how someone identifies, interprets and responds to sensory information (i.e. information gathered from our senses). Memory is a person’s ability to record and store information.

1. Personality- individual differences in characteristic 2. Psychodynamic theories- views that defends personality of conscious and unconscious 3. Psychoanalysis-

Chapter 1 covers the definition of psychology and brief history of psychology. I learned that psychology is the study of the way people think, feel and behave. The goals of psychology are to describe behavior, explained, and predicted to control the behavior or change it. They are many types of psychological perspectives.

The more I don’t know, the more I know. The more I realize I don’t understand, the more I discover my desire to know more about psychology. My interest in educational psychology was triggered by my first experience in changing schools.

There are four main perspectives in psychology. These are known as; biological perspective, learning perspective, cognitive perspective, and sociocultural perspective. Each perspective aids in the understanding of human behavior. However, not one perspective can explain all of human behaviors. This is due to each perspective playing different roles in ones behavior.

Although I am not majoring in psychology, having an understanding for human behavior and why people do the things they do is something that interests me. This understanding will potentially make it easier to bond with new people, while making it easier to tolerate and work with others. Another goal I hope to achieve in this class is to be able to identify the relevance of psychological principles as they relate to personal health, gender, adjustment, and developmental issues (PSY 102 Course