Science Content Background Summary: Heredity is the process by which traits are passed down from parents to offspring. In 1866, Gregor Mendel began publishing results of his studies on pea plants. With these experiments Mendel breed various pea plants and observed the various changes and characteristics of the offspring such as seed color. He found that when breeding various seed colors the results were varied, some offspring remained green, others yellow, and others turned to different shades of these colors. Mendel was able to determine what traits the offspring would have by looking at the genotype of the seeds. The genetic composition of the plant is called the genotype which are the traits that make up the plant. The phenotype is the physical appearance that can be seen (Cooper, 2000). Mendel’s research showed that an individual inherits traits from its parents through genetic factors called alleles .Each parent as two alleles for every trait and one from each parent is passed down to the offspring(Bagley,2013). The inherited factors from each parent are now known as genes. For each trait there is a dominant and recessive gene. These inherited traits are not a blend of the alleles from each parents, but rather the …show more content…
Chromosomes carry genes that will determine the characteristics of organisms (Genetic Learning Center, 2004). Mendel’s experiments also showed that when sex cells are formed the traits that the individual inherits from the parents are separated into different sex cells. When the sex cells come together during contraception the offspring will have at least two factors (genes) for each trait, one from the mother and one from the father. It is a matter of chance as to which gene for a specific trait is involved. Though dominance often determines which trait will be passed down there is also co-dominance where both traits are expressed, and incomplete dominance where there is a blend of traits (Bagley,
Physical appearance, intelligence, and caste are all determined during the fertilization process. The Director explains
For example, the dominant genes that I have are brown eyes, dark brown hair, my height, my skin color, oily skin and my acne. These are the dominant genes that I got from my mom and dad. The dominant genes are practically the genes that overpower the recessive genes from the other person or from recessive genes they had from there parents. Another example, the recessive genes that I have are my nose, lips, that's pretty much of what I can think of. Mostly the dominant genes that I have are from my dad's side of the
Reproductive behaviour can fall under either Nature or Nurture
One of the most important contributions made to the science of evolution by Charles Darwin is the concept of natural selection. The idea that members of a species compete with each other for resources and that individuals that are better adapted to their lifestyle have a better chance of surviving to reproduce revolutionized the field of evolution (Darwin, 1859), in addition The theory of natural selection is conditions of a habitat will 'naturally select ' individuals who are best adapted to that specific environment. Those individuals are more likely to grow to adulthood and reproduce. In short, sexual selection will vary according to environmental conditions. though it was not accepted until several decades after Darwin first proposed it
By breeding the same pea plants, he concluded that they were true-breeding for that particular trait since the results were always the same as the superior’s. After concluding
5. How do the processes of meiosis and fertilization produce genetic variety? During the meiosis stage of crossing over, the maternal and paternal homologous chromosome segments are being exchanged. During independent assortment, different genes independently separate from one another.
The genetic concept of evolution proposes that natural selection will promote the frequency of genes whose phenotypic effects allow success in replication. A gene for altruism can be chosen by selection if the altruism is generally directed at other people who share identical genes. A green-beard effect arises when a gene, or linked genes, produce three identifiable phenotypic effects: an observable trait, the hypothetical "green beard", recognition of this trait in others; and favored treatment to those recognized. This gene, in retrospect, is directly identifying copies of itself, irrespective of usual relatedness. Kin selection chooses alleles to spread by encouraging altruism towards those projected to be carrying the same allele.
Over the course of history, the mysteries of heredity and genetics remained
In the book “Black boy” By Richard Wright, The main character, Which is the author himself is a little different from his family. Which brings up the concept of Nature vs. Nurture. Nature is something that always been a part of you ever since you were born. For example personalities, personalities separates each and every human being on earth. A couple may get inherited by fathers and mothers, but there are also few that separates from them.
Not all species consist of the same traits. Due to variations and adaptations that occur within a species, the characteristics of organisms may vary. These traits are inherited from an organism’s parents to the offspring and can mutate for future generations. Not all organisms survive long enough to reproduce. If an organism isn’t selected to have fit traits, their likelihood of survival is very slim.
Human development happens continuously throughout ones lifespan as we develop and change. Genes exemplify biological factors in human development. Some biological factors are visible, for example skin tone and hair color. Some biological factors are unobserved, for instance genetic abnormalities and risks for diseases. From a biopsychosocial perspective what one becomes is the product of genes, or biological forces.
Heredity is basically the passing on of genetic traits from parents to offspring. Both phenotypes and genotypes are passed down from one’s parents. A genotype is the genetic code of one’s cells. These genetic codes consist of paired alleles and often fall into three categories: homozygous dominant (BB), Homozygous recessive (bb), and Heterozygous (Bb). Phenotypes are the physical expression of genotypes, for example, whether someone has freckles vs. if someone does not have freckles.
Nature can loosely be defined as genetic inheritance and genetic makeup which a person inherits from their parents at the time of conception and carries throughout life. What makes nurture important is that it can change the genetic makeup and genetic inheritance that people inherited from their parents. In a recent study in the University of Manchester, Reinmar Hager and Jason Wolf at the Faculty of life Sciences together with their collaborator James Cheverud at St Louis have shown how maternal environment can affect how genes are expressed, influencing the body weight and growth of young mice, even if they are not related to their mother. They have thus revealed that environment may affect how genes are expressed. Focusing on genomic imprinting, the researchers had shown that the environment has had a strong effect on how imprinting influences body weight and growth in mice (Hawoth).
Meiosis is the procedure of two genes which originate from a mother and a father and the characteristics from the mother and father will be passed down to their offspring. The children will originate from both parents versus one parent; this procedure is called sexual multiplication. As indicated by Simon (2013) "every children of sexual multiplication acquires a one of a kind blend of qualities from its two parents, and this consolidated arrangement of genes projects a one of a kind mix of attributes. Accordingly, sexual proliferation can deliver gigantic assortment among offspring.
Nature and Nurture Influences on Child Development Karla White ECE 205: Introduction to Child Development Instructor: Alesia Lane October 2, 2017 Nature and Nurture Influences on Child Development Describe the relationship between nature versus nurture. The nature vs. nature debate is the scientific, cultural, and philosophical debate about whether human culture, behavior, and personality are caused primarily by nature or nurture. Nature is often defined in this debate as genetic or hormone-based behaviors. Our genes determine the different traits that we have, such as eye color, hair, ear size, height and other traits.