Abstract
Introduction: Malignant tumor of the squamous epithelium is known as the squamous cell carcinoma. It has been a major cause of morbidity and morality worldwide. It is causing a major health problem across the world. Among the most common cancers seen in both Indian men and women as can be gauged from the records of the National Cancer Registry Programme. From the clinical point of view squamous cell carcinoma are important. They have a wide variety of fields, including medicine, pathology, surgery, nuclear medicine, and radiation therapy. It have been identified that oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma contains cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells have the ability for proliferation and perpetual self-renewal, producing downstream
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Among them 20 are normal healthy individuals and 20 are patients with OSCC. Informed consent was obtained from the patient before sample collection. 5ml of fasting venous blood was collected and centrifuged in 3000rpm for 10 minutes. Then serum was separated and then it is analysed for serum cholesterol by Cholesterol esterase-Oxidase method, Serum triglycerides by colorimetric enzymatic method, HDL-c by Phosphotungtic acid method, LDL-c and VLDL-c were calculated by Friedwald’s formula.
Results: There is a significant increase in LDH (p<0.005) levels in OSCC patients when compared with healthy controls, by the influence of OSCC on LDH metabolism.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that assessment of LDH can be used an effective biochemical diagnostic tool for the manifestation of OSCC and other type of malignancy in patients.
Key words: OSCC, cell damage, carcinoma, oral cavity, lipid profile status.
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The fasting blood lipid profile, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL), was evaluated [7].
Mitochondrial enzymes such as SDHA, SDHB, ATP synthase are found in increased expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients when compared with normal oral mucosa. This study is done when the investigation on cancer metabolism-related proteins in the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma is conducted [8].
Oral squamous cell carcinoma patients in early stage are observed with greater level of lactic acid. More energy is required for the excessive proliferation of cancer cells, therefore large amounts of lactic acid is often produced by the tumors by carrying out glycolysis even under aerobic conditions [9].
Major public health problem worldwide is represented by the cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract. In 2014, 73,240 new cases were diagnosed , with an estimated mortality of 27,450
Cervical carcinomas are divided into two types. The two types are invasive carcinomas which penetrate the surface of the cervix, and noninvasive carcinomas which do not penetrate the surface of the cervix. The noninvasive type is mostly called “ sugar-icing carcinoma,” because it grows in a smooth layered sheet across the surface of the cervix, but the official name for it is carcinoma in situ. On February 5, 1951 after Jones got Henrietta's report back from the lab, and told her the cancer was malignant. Then she just went right on with her day as normal.
1.0 Introduction Acute respiratory distress syndrome also called adult respiratory distress syndrome. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was originally defined by Ashbaugh et al in 1967 as a condition identify by rapid onset tachypnoea and hypoxaemia with loss of lung compliance and bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph. ARDS happen both adult and children. ARDS may happen in people of any age. Its rate increases with advancing age, ranging from 16 cases per 100,000 person-years in those aged 15-19 years to 306 cases per 100,000 person-years in those between the ages of 75 and 84 years.
In the late 1940s, scientific research began taking off as innovative technologies and diseases were being created and discovered. One important field of study during the time was cancer. Like many types of new research, there were a few problems getting the ball on the roll. One problem scientists faced was obtaining cancerous cells that would stay long enough to study. One scientist struggled with this until a particularly unique strand of cells came along.
ATP content and mitochondrial respiration will be measured ex vivo in rats selected from Experiment 2A at each time point (0-3 hours, 2 and 7 days) to determine the effects of melatonin on mitochondrial energetics and ROS production. Data generated will allow a comparison to be done of ex vivo ATP content and mitochondrial respiration rates in lesion versus non-lesion with in vivo measures of ATP status obtained using MRI in the same rat. Comparison will be made between saline and melatonin treated rats. Experiment 1C: To determine the impact of mono therapy (Melatonin) following TBI on apoptotic markers. Fluro Jade B and Nissl staining will be measured ex vivo in rats selected from Experiment 1A at each time point (0-3 hours, 2 and 7 days) to determine the effects of melatonin on apoptosis.
Reference list Bourne, R. R., G. A. Stevens, R. A. White, J. L. Smith, S. R. Flaxman, H. Price, J. B. Jonas, J. Keeffe, J. Leasher, K. Naidoo, K. Pesudovs, S. Resnikoff, H. R. Taylor & G. Vision Loss Expert (2013) Causes of vision loss worldwide, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health, 1, e339-49. Emerging Risk Factors, C., N. Sarwar, P. Gao, S. R. Seshasai, R. Gobin, S. Kaptoge, E. Di Angelantonio, E. Ingelsson, D. A. Lawlor, E. Selvin, M. Stampfer, C. D. Stehouwer, S. Lewington, L. Pennells, A. Thompson, N. Sattar, I. R. White, K. K. Ray & J. Danesh (2010) Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies.
One of these changes is a decrease in HDL cholesterol and an increase in LDL cholesterol, resulting in overall raised
Malignant tumors are life-threatening because of rapid growth and how they attack surrounding tissue. Usually malignant tumors do not spread to other regions of the body, they can spread through other brain and spinal tissue. According to Understanding Brain Tumors, malignant tumors accounted for 37% of new primary brain tumor diagnoses (Archie). Also, “A cancerous tumor of the mesothelium is called a malignant mesothelioma, although this is often shortened to just mesothelioma”
My interest in cytopathology sparked during my first month of pathology training when we were called for a parotid mass fine needle aspiration, it was a case of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma, seeing my attending describe the morphology of the cells to render that diagnosis, was not only inspiring but also exciting. Since that moment I waited eagerly for my first cytopathology rotation . I enjoyed every second of my cytology and FNA rotations where I was able to gain hands on experience performing FNAs, and I also realized how crucial is the patient interaction in this specialty for which my previous experience as a clinician gave me great advantage. Cytopathology is an extremely challenging field that pushes a diagnostician to integrate the clinical, morphologic and immunophenotypic features of each disease to reach the correct diagnosis.
The cell is called the embryonic stem cell. Stem cells are often used directly to treat cancer in bone marrow transplants. The candidates have different standpoints on stem research,
The daily killer of over twenty thousand people and over 7.3 million people a year has heavily affected families all over the world for centuries. Because this disease has over 100 types and has proven lethal for so many men, women, and children everywhere, cancer has earned the the title of being the number one cause of death in the United States and one of the top causes of death in the world as a whole. Many scientists and doctors have tried to solve the medical puzzle that is cancer, but no definite cure has been discovered. However, tons of progress has been made and treatments have changed drastically since before 1950 compared to today. (Paddock 2007)
Cellular Respiration One of the main essentials of life that all organisms need in order to function in our world is, energy. We receive that energy from the food that we eat. Cellular respiration is the most efficient way for a cell to receive the energy stored in food. In cellular respiration, a catabolic pathway, which breaks down the molecules into smaller units, in order to produce adenosine triphosphate, also known as, ATP. ATP, is used by cells in the act of regular cellular operations, it is a “high energy” molecule.
On September 24th, 1962 Dr. Emil Freeride and Emil Frei began to treat children using VAMP but others believed that these four drug took it far away. New surgeries and radiations are used to treat various cancers and the researchers believe that there are drugs to kill these cancer cells regardless of location. To conclude, the true nature of cancer cells is known by none to
I am particularly interested in the use of these techniques to study the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in cancer and the role of non-coding RNAs in cancer progression. I have gained laboratory experience during my undergraduate studies, including experience with physicochemical microbiological analysis, microbial cultures, and water analysis. Though I do not have extensive laboratory experience, I hope that with this program I can expand my experience in this field and enter the cell culture world. I am eager to continue to develop my skills and knowledge in the field of molecular research and believe that a lab experience at MDAnderson will provide me with the opportunity to do so. I am also excited about the opportunity to work with the diverse and highly skilled team of researchers at MDAnderson and to contribute to the collaborative and interdisciplinary research environment that is central to the mission of the
Esophageal Cancer: The Quest for Understanding Cancer, the uncontrollable growth of cells, is the second most common cause of death in the United States and the fifth most common cause of death in the world (WHO, 2014; CDC, 2013). In 2012, there were 14.1 million cancer cases worldwide, and more than 4 million of those were associated with the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (WCRF, 2014). Within the GI tract, cancers of the colon and rectum are the most common, but pancreatic, liver, and stomach cancers are also part of the same category (University of Chicago, n.d.).
Cell viability assay: Introduction. Methods in Molecular Biology 740: 1-6. ThermoFisher Scientific. [Internet].