Dissertation
Introduction and Rationale for Research
The main question that this dissertation will be based upon and will attempt to answer is:
To what extent does the price per unit of alcohol in an alcoholic beverage influence student purchasing behaviour in the United Kingdom?
Further research questions will also be addressed in order to draw meaningful conclusions. These questions are:
• How influential is income and employment status on student alcohol purchasing behaviour?
• How influential is the price per unit of alcohol in an alcoholic beverage on its perceived quality?
• How influential is the perceived or known quality of an alcoholic beverage on student purchasing behaviour?
• Do students measure the value for money of an alcoholic
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For numerous years concerns have been raised about the UK’s excessive drinking culture and with this a lot of concern has been focussed on the level of alcohol consumption within the UK’s student population. A recent report into alcohol consumption conducted by the World Health Organisation placed the United Kingdom’s overall consumption as the 25th highest in the world out of the 196 countries that were examined. The report also identified that the UK has a significant binge drinking culture as it placed the UK 13th in the world for heavy episodic drinking, with heavy episodic drinking being defined as drinking more than six units on one occasion for women and eight units for men. Further to this, according to the report the average amount of alcohol consumed by people over the age of 15 in the UK in 2014 was 11.6 litres, almost twice the global average of 6.2 litres. (WHO, …show more content…
Customer satisfaction is defined by Tse and Wilton (1988, p.204) as “the consumer’s response to the evaluation of the perceived discrepancy between prior expectation (or some norm of performance) and the actual performance of the product as perceived after its consumption.” If the performance meets the consumer’s expectation, they will be satisfied, if the performance is lower than their expectations they will be dissatisfied and if the performance surpasses expectation they will be delighted. The greater the difference between expected performance and the performance received, the greater the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction. (Anderson, 1998). The level of satisfaction that a consumer has received from their purchase is likely to heavily influence their post-purchase actions. One of the most important post purchase actions is whether or not the consumer will purchase the product again in the future. If the product or service has satisfied the consumer’s needs it is likely that they will purchase the product again if they are required to, with the greater the level of satisfaction the increased likelihood of a repeat purchase. Further to this, a high level of customer satisfaction increases the likelihood that the consumer will purchase different items or services
Normalizing the drinking of alcohol results in increasing alcohol consumption among young people. As Australia has a strong drinking culture, youth drinking is a common social attitude to fit into the culture. According to The Cabin Sydney (2015), 42% of young adults claim that they do not need to show identification while buying alcoholic liquor and 38% report that they can easily get access to a bar or pub without presenting their proper identification to prove they are over the drinking age. This evidence shows that most of the people are not only accepted but also expected youth to drink. In addition, young people need to drink during special occasions.
Over the past few decades, there has been much discourse regarding the drinking habits and behavior of college students. Since the passage of the Uniform Drinking Age Act of 1984, federal regulators have determined that the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) should be 21 years old instead of 18. Since then, there have been a plethora of scientific studies to determine whether this was an effective means of combating irresponsible drinking habits. The aim of these studies was to determine the overall impact of the reduced drinking age in a ‘cause and effect’ way. However, the primary means of support for the MLDA being 21 was that drinking and driving as well as overall consumption among minors was reduced.
In 2012, 3.3 million deaths, or over 5.9 percent of all global deaths were attributed to alcohol consumption. And as we see, since 2012, these numbers still continue to increase. According to these percentages, alcoholism has become a very major problem in our generation. Yet despite the warnings, people still continue to drink and slowly harm themselves. In our day to day lives, we see people drink on social media very often.
To counteract major alcohol consumption many universities are ironically opting to sell alcoholic beverages inside their stadiums. There logic is that by selling alcohol they can monitor and limit the number of drinks
and the author believes “there is no evidence of brain impairment, alcohol dependency, or underage alcohol abuse” Another important claim is that “the problem is not drink – it is the drinker.” The author says that we should not emphasis on alcohol itself but emphasis on the person and its surroundings. In conclusion, the author believes that we should be allowed to think freely about MLDA21 and more responsible alcohol consumption is likely to
The glorification of drinking games on college campuses has had catastrophic effects for college students between the ages of eighteen to twenty-one. Incoming college freshman should especially be educated on how to handle alcohol and the potential harms of college drinking games. can lead to binge drinking, which in turn can lead to physical and mental health risks. This is an important topic to be discussed because students need to learn how much alcohol is really too much and the warning signs On college campuses across the United States, a drinking game involves consuming alcoholic drinks as a penalty of losing a game.
Since then, the trend of binge drinking has come along in American colleges. Henry Wechsler and Toben Nelson, writers of the article Will Increasing Alcohol Availability By Lowering the Minimum Legal Drinking Age Decrease Drinking and Related Consequences Among Youths maintains that, “College students are more likely to engage in heavy drinking than their peers who do not attend college, with 2 in 5 students nationally engaging in binge drinking on at least 1 occasion in the past 2 weeks” (987). Binge drinking is defined as the consumption of five of more drinks in a row
As a country, we need to redefine the culture surrounding alcohol so that we can create a society which breeds knowledge and understanding about alcohol. People are going to drink and get drunk no matter what the legal age is. Our only hope as a society is to address what it means to us to have “socially responsible drinking.” The next task is to figure out how to teach it. By generating informed citizens and exposing them to this knowledge at an early age, we can aim to demystify the term “drinking responsibly.”
College presidents from more than 120 US universities are calling on lawmakers to consider lowering the drinking age from 21 back down to 18. The group argues that the current laws actually encourage binge drinking on campus (“President 's Campaign”). The rise of the drinking age from 18 to 21 caused far more problems than it has solved in today 's society. Regardless, crimes are going to be committed, alcohol related or not, but controlling and monitoring it would decrease the crime rate, rather than teenagers drinking secretly, with little to no supervision at all. “ The 21 year drinking age has not reduced drinking on campuses, it has actually probably increased it” says Middlebury president John McCardell.
“A European Union study shows that the countries where moderate daily drinking is the norm like, Spain, Italy, and France, have the fewest binge drinkers at 2 percent, 2 percent and 8 percent, compared to 34 percent in Ireland and 27 percent in Finland, who were not exposed to moderate use” (“Lowering”.). Those who have grown up with alcohol and structure know the responsibility and do not abuse it or depend on it. Using alcohol is a right that one should have the right to choose whether to use it or
The Higher Education of Drinking College is a place for higher learning. It is a time when young adults are exploring themselves as individuals, expanding not only their academic horizons but for many, it’s their first time being on their own socially. Young adults find themselves making many decisions. These choices involve attending class, completing assignments and possibly engaging in behaviors that could impact their own personal health and safety. Sometimes they are faced with decisions that involve the use of various substances including alcohol.
Customer satisfaction is the best way to find whether the customer would like to come back to the place to purchase again the best way to see whether the customer
She states “The first large-scale examination of alcohol uses among college students began in 1993. Run by Henry Wechsler, a social psychologist at the Harvard University School of Public Health, the College Alcohol Study surveyed 17,000 students at 140 colleges on why and how they drink” (McMurtrie). This also shows the ongoing battle colleges have had trying to control or at least maintain college students drinking. McMurtrie also states “Educators and researchers who lived through this period say a combination of exhaustion, frustration, inertia, lack of resources, and campus and community politics derailed the national conversation about college drinking. Taking on the problem proved tougher than anyone had thought” (McMurtrie).
(Jacoby, 1971; Jarvis & Wilcox, 1976). Dick and Basu (1994) propose that customer will be loyalty to the brand is the result of psychological processes and has behavioral manifestations. Therefore it should incorporate both attitudinal and behavioral. Satisfaction is recognized as an important element for loyalty in both the consumers and business marketing. Satisfaction with previous purchase experiences plays an important role in determining the future purchase behaviors particularly call as an effort-minimization strategy (Jones and Suh, 2000: Pritchard et al, 1999).
Customer satisfaction is at the core of their actions in every step of their supply chain. The company offers different products in their stores, letting the customers decide whether to consume them