In the ‘Botany of Desire”, the author Michael Pollan introduced us a new perspective of relationship between human and plants. Especially in the potato chapter, Pollan focuses on interaction between human and potatoes in historical and modern perspectives, and points out human’s desire to control the earth. Pollan introduces the ideas of polyculture and monoculture to readers, and then he references to historical events for both ideas. He also focuses on the modern approach to potatoes agriculture, which includes GMO, traditional, and organic farming. The most striking strategy is Pollan’s comparison of the agricultural methods on planting potatoes throughout history. By making this comparison Pollan intends to force us to see how monoculture …show more content…
And the cultivation in Andes was successful. The Incas worked with nature to cultivate potatoes for varies climate. They let cultivated potatoes mix with wild potatoes and selected potatoes that prove their values. It ends up with thousands of varieties in potatoes. These potatoes vary in colors, texture, sizes, shapes, and tastes, etc. These varieties of Andean potatoes show the Incas’ desire for biodiversity. By letting these potatoes mix together, the Incas were letting the plants adjust to nature because they know nature is the ultimate player in the game of cultivation. This good outcome of Incas agriculture with polyculture had shown the important of understanding who the real controller in cultivation. Then the cultivation is sustainable and can last for a long …show more content…
They first saved the Irish from a famine, so people in Ireland thought of a way to depend on one type of potatoes and sustain their lives. This monoculture practice put the Irish in a vulnerable position, as Pollan refers to Gallagher’s words, “wipe out the progress an advanced economy has made in liberating humankind from dependence on shifty nature.” (Page 205) Potatoes helped the Irish population to grow rapidly, it enlarge the labor pool. However, dependence on potatoes stops fundamental economic activities in Ireland, so there’s very limited jobs available, and the Irish were stuck with heavily depending on nature. And nature called an end to it by putting these potatoes in blight. The potato blight happened trough out the whole Europe, but it has the most catastrophic outcome in Ireland which caused the deaths of one million Irish people. That’s because of their monoculture cultivation of potatoes. They wholly depended on potatoes and now the only thing that depend on had been destroyed. The stable life monoculture creates was just bubbles that built up, which looked nice and seemed to have good structure but can easily collapse in no time. This terrible outcome of Irish’s monoculture practice reminds us that depending on monoculture is unreliable. Other European countries is the opposite paradigm
The Botany of Desire is a non-fiction book written by Michael Pollan. The publication date was in the year of 2007 and is a 245 paged book. The Botany of Desire is a book that talks about four different plants. In my opinion, this book was very worth reading. They manipulate human senses such as sweetness, beauty, intoxication, and control.
Although Swift was an exceptional activist for ending Irish oppression, the horrible conditions lasted for several years. Around the time of the American and French Revolutions, the Irish were inspired to rebel against Britain; however, in 1798, their attempt at standing up for themselves was unsuccessful. In the year 1800, oppression against Ireland grew worse when they became part of the United Kingdom. During this time, anti-Catholicism had grown tremendously in the United Kingdom, making it extremely difficult for the Irish to represent themselves. Ireland’s poor conditions continued to grow worse, and ultimately they reached one of the lowest points in Irish history: the potato famine.
Compare and contrast the conquests of Mexico (Aztecs) with that of the Inca. What led up to the conquest? The goals of the Conquistadores. The results. Inca Empire Political: Most powerful figure in the Inca Empire was the Sapa Inca. For one to ascend to the lever of Inca, one must be descended from the original Inca tribe.
Productivity of chilies, tomatoes, avocados, and squash didn’t even reach their modern day form until 5000 B.C. Maize was domesticated in 1500 B.C.; corn could be produced at large and stored for long periods of time. Plants such as these allowed populations to grow and cities fall. Pilcher ends his introduction with the siege of Tenochtitlan. Fernando Cortes arrived in March of 1521, smallpox had taken over and Tenochtitlan’s food was cut
Why did the potato blight in the 1840s and 1850s cause little excess mortality in Scotland but catastrophic famine in Ireland? The outbreak of potato blight, phytophthora infestans, originated in America and rapidly spread to countries in Northern Europe including Britain and Ireland. Different countries were affected by varying degrees but none to the devastating extent of that in Ireland. The famine in Ireland or An Gorta Mór, the great hunger, was a catastrophic disaster that lasted from 1845 to 1851 and beyond.
“By 1840 the potato had become the sole food of one third of the of the people and an essential element in the diet of many more” (Williams 1996, p. 17). When the blight struck, hundreds of thousands died of starvation between 1845 and 1848. The Irish were in a state of panic and hopelessness. During 1845 and 1851, it is estimated that around 1.6 million people left Ireland for America. As Williams eloquently states, arriving in America, the Irish immigrants had to adjust to their new country and Americans had to adjust to their new fellow citizens.
The Inca Empire was possibly the largest empire in the world in the early 16th century. It is political and administrative structure. It was the most sophisticated found among the native peoples in the Americas. From 1438 to 1533, the Incas incorporated a large portion of western South America, centered on the Andean Mountains, using conquest and peaceful assimilation, among other methods. This essay be about the Inca Empire.
The Aztecs were one of the most famous and successful early civilizations of the Americas that we know of, who ruled an empire in the modern day country of Mexico from 1350 to 1519. From their capital city of Tenochtitlan, now known as Mexico City, to their daily routines, the Aztecs had many achievements that they deserve recognition for. Two very important components in the history of the Aztecs are agriculture and human sacrifice. Although they both play huge roles in Aztec culture, historians should emphasize on their methods of farming. The reasons why historians should center their focus on the Aztecs' agricultural techniques are they affected the growth of their empire, were used on a huge scale, and were very unique in comparison to other
Colonial Period documents and archaeology shed light on different domains of Inca life. Over the last few decades, anthropology has divided empires into a core and periphery approach. The core is viewed as the economic, political, and cultural heartland of the empire and has a heavy reliance on documentary record as the main source of information. The periphery is comprised of the societies that are dominated and exploited by the core and understood best by archeology (D’Altroy, 2015, p.9). Written documents are very beneficial because they provide data and explanations from numerous individuals revealing information, attitudes, and motivations on a more personable level.
Peter Singer’s lead us in these issues throughout the article to point out how complex our choices of food have become. Moreover, he persuades us in many ways on how the farming
The Inca empire was considered an extremely impressive civilization due to how they meticulously planned out and flawlessly executed their plans for the area around them. The geography of the Inca empire greatly affected its development mainly due to the immensely thought out planning and to the building of the Inca Trail, but also to the Urubamba Valley and Machu Picchu. The ancient Inca highway was specifically built to connect every major city of the empire, the four quarters, every province, many food and water sources, places for shelter, and central ecuador to southern chile. The Inca empire could improve its development and expand because of how transportation, communication, and production could thrive with the use of the Inca foot
Agricultural communities in the western highlands and the Hebrides witnessed their potato crops whither and die at a time when the ‘clearances’ of people from the land was still ongoing. In comparison to the Irish experience it was less extensive given the at risk population numbered around two hundred thousand consequently the scale of mortality was small in comparison to that in Ireland. Government policy had no short-term answer of how to deal with the effects of the famine in human terms other than to suggest mass emigration of the population to Canada and Australia. To this end some landlords facilitated and paid for the emigration of tenants, thereby freeing land for sheep, while
THE COUNTRY OF CHILE The country of Chile has a population of about 18 million. Its largest city being its capital, is Santiago and its government is a Democratic Republic. Chile is a big tourist destination because of its unique sights and a combination of its culture, Topography, and its rich history. GEOGRAPHY, TOPOGRAPHY, AND AGRICULTURE Chile contains some of the world 's most unique areas.
From India to Yorkshire, The Secret Garden presents contradicting settings and reflects each place’s problems. The main setting in the novel is Yorkshire England. However, despite the small space given for the setting in India, it plays an important role in revealing the development in Mary’s character. Mary’s adaptation to India seems to be impossible with the lack of people who can motivate her to do so. The servants usually bear her insults and do what she orders while the English governances run away from her bad temper.
Introduction Plants are a major necessity in the balance of nature, people’s lives, and our terrain. We may not realize it, but plants are the ultimate source of food for almost 95% of the world population so says the National Group of Food. It’s a fact that over 7,000 species of plants are being consumed today. Plants are one of the reasons that we get clean water; as they help regulate the water cycle.