Supreme Court Case Brief Summary

In response to this, “The Maryland legislature responded to this action by levying a tax on all branches of banks “not chartered by the legislature”—a move aimed at destroying the Baltimore branch of the Bank of the United States."1James McCulloch who was a banker at the branch in Baltimore refused to pay the annual tax. He was convicted by Maryland state court and fined a total of 2,500 dollars. Losing at the state

This also imposed that all banks were prohibited from issuing bank notes except on stamped paper approved by the state. The reason for this was in 1818 the state banks started to fall during the depression and they blamed the fall on the national bank. Maryland then created a hefty tax on any bank not charted within the state the national bank was the only bank not charted within the state (McBride Alex). Then the second national bank opened and issued these bank notes without complying with the states law. Maryland then tried to sue the McCulloch a cashier at the national bank for not complying.

In 1818 John James, a Maryland official, visited a federal bank in Baltimore, Maryland that had been violating the law and not paying taxes. All Maryland state banks were legally allowed to freely print bank notes and circulate them, the federal bank was only permitted to buy stamped paper from the state on which to print notes, essentially paying

Maryland. In 1816, to manage war debt and inflation, Congress chartered a branch of the U.S. bank in Baltimore, Maryland. In February 1818, Maryland targeted the second Bank of the U.S. by passing a law that directly taxed any bank that was not chartered by the state. James W. McCulloch, head of the Baltimore branch refused to pay the tax imposed on them by the state and thus resulting in Maryland suing the Bank.

59. Marbury v. Madison is the most important case in Supreme Court history, was the first U.S. Supreme Court case to apply the principle of "judicial review" the power of federal courts to void acts of Congress in conflict with the Constitution. The facts surrounding Marbury were complicated. In the election of 1800, the newly organized Democratic - Republican Party of Thomas Jefferson defeated the Federalist party of John Adams, creating an atmosphere of political panic for the lame duck Federalists. 60.

United States v. Lopez was the first United States Supreme Court case since the New Deal to set limits to Congress's power under the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution. The issue of the case was that It exceeded to the power of Congress which had no say over it because the case had nothing to do with commerce or any sort of economic activity. The case United States v. Lopez involved Alfonzo Lopez Jr., Supreme Court Justice William H. Rehnquist, and Congress. Unites States v. Lopez was about a 12th grader named

Not letting anytime past, Marbury went ahead and applied for a writ of mandamus to refute Jefferson’s decision. Marbury irritated and impatient went straight to the Supreme Court of the United States in effort to gain his well-earned position in government.

Adams had appointed several justices for the District of Columbia prior to being defeated. The senate had approved the commissions and the commissions signed by the president as well as being affixed with the government's official seal. However, the commissions were not delivered, and when Jefferson took office, he instructed James Madison the Secretary of States not to deliver them. William Marbury who was on the list of appointees petitioned the Supreme Court for a legal order compelling Madison to explain why he was not to receive the commission (Clinton 1994). Issues

John Marshall’s Supreme Court hearings had a positive effect on the United States. From court cases like McCulloch v. Maryland, declared that the federal courts could decide if state laws were unconstitutional. The McCulloch v. Maryland trial went to the supreme court because Maryland had put a tax in place that too 2% of all assets of the bank or a flat rate of $30,000. John Marshall saw this tax as unconstitutional for the simple fact that people were being denied their property under the state legislature. From the Gibbons v. Ogden case, congress’s power over interstate commerce was strengthened.

In both the McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden cases, John Marshall asserted the power of judicial review, and legitimatized the Supreme Court within the national government. The Marshall Court, over the span of thirty years, managed to influence the life of every American by aiding in the development of the judicial branch and establishing a boundary between the state and national government. John Marshall’s Supreme Court cases shaped how the government is organized today. He strongly believed in Federalism, and that the national government should be sovereign, rather than the states. The Supreme Court under John

In Marbury v. Madison (1803) it was announced by the Supreme Court for the very first time, that if an act was deemed inconsistent with the constitution then the court was allowed to declare the act void. Thomas Jefferson’s secretary of state, James Madison, denied William Marbury of his commission. President John Adams appointed William Marbury the justice of peace for the District of Columbia during his last day in office. Madison denied Marbury of this commission because he believed that because it was not issued before the termination of Adams presidency, that it was invalid. Marbury himself started a petition, along with three others who were in a similar situation.

In addition, the Supreme Court also stated Maryland lacked the power to tax the Bank due to the Supremacy Clause of Article VI of the

As the country started to grow, the power of the Federal Government had also started to grow. The power that the Federal Government had, started to create conflict between the States ' and the Federal Government. By the 19th century, cases started to appear more frequently that challenged States ' rights against the National Government. Around the early 1800s, the major national concern was finical stability. The charter of the Bank of the United States had expired in 1811 and the Democratic-Republican Madison administration and the Republican Congress had failed to renew it.

During the early years when Marshall was appointed Chief Justice, there was an insignificant case that came about the Supreme Court. However, it was that case, Marbury v. Madison, that became one of the most important Supreme Court decisions in United States

Madison court case that took place in 1803. The law that was declared by the Supreme Court at this hearing was that a court has the power to declare an act of Congress void if it goes against the Constitution. This case took place because President John Adams had appointed William Marbury as justice of the peace in the District of Columbia, and the new president, Thomas Jefferson, did not agree with this decision. William Marbury was not appointed by the normal regulation, which was that the Secretary of State, James Madison, needed to make a notice of the appointment. James Madison did not follow through and make a notice of Marbury’s appointment; therefore, he sued James Madison, which was where the Supreme Court came in place.