Synthesis Of Vanillin Lab Report

The hypothesis was supported by the employed methods. Introduction: This experiment was performed to show how bromination of alkenes reacts, and to be able to successfully synthesize meso-stilbene dibromide. The reaction of bromine with alkenes is an addition reaction where the nucleophilic double bond attacks the electrophilic bromine

In this experiment, the combined reactions are as follows. To start the experiment, the Grignard reagent, phenylmagnesium bromide, was formed by reacting bromobenzene with magnesium while using anhydrous diethyl ether as the solvent. Using anhydrous ether is crucial because if any water is present, the Grignard reagent will react with the water instead, which will ultimately terminate the reaction. Once formed, the Grignard reagent reacted with the benzophenone to form triphenyl magnesium bromide; this served as the Grignard adduct. From there, the Grignard adduct underwent an acid workup using aqueous 6M hydrochloric acid in order to form the product triphenylmethanol.

The Diels-Alder reaction, an electrocyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and a substituted alkene, also known as a dienophile, was used in the experiment. The purpose was to synthesize a substituted cyclohexene derivate by the reaction between the diene and dienophile, and it reacted in a reflux solution with toluene as the solvent forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. First, approximately 54 mg each of both compounds, tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (TPCPD) and diphenylacetylene (DPA), were placed in a reaction tube to be mixed and heated on a sand bath for several minutes. During the heating process, the color of the TPCPD reactant would fade as the color went from purple to white showing the other reactant. Also during the heating, DPA refluxed for a brief time until the tube was removed from the sand bath for the melted product to cool and solidify.

The purpose of this experiment was to learn about the electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions that take place on benzene, and how the presence of substituents in the ring affect the orientation of the incoming electrophile. Using acetanilide, as the starting material, glacial acetic acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid were mixed and stirred to produce p-nitroacetanilide. In a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask, 3.305 g of acetanilide were allowed to mix with 5.0 mL of glacial acetic acid. This mixture was warmed in a hot plate with constantly stirring at a lukewarm temperature so as to avoid excess heating. If this happens, the mixture boils and it would be necessary to start the experiment all over again.

Objective The objective of this experiment is to produce a sample of hexaphenylbenzene from the Diels-Alder addition of tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and diphenylacetylene, both of which were synthesized from previous lab procedures. Procedure Part A- Preparation of Hexaphenylbenzene • In a 25 mL round-bottom flask, 0.50 g (0.0013 mol) of tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and 0.50 g (0.0028 mol) of diphenylacetylene were poured, and with a heating mantle and a ring stand, the flask was vigorously heated.

The reaction to synthesize benzocaine was known as a Fisher esterification reaction. The Fisher esterification was reaction between alcohol and carboxylic acid in the presence of acid. The reaction was used to form an ester. In the experiment, sulfuric acid acted as a catalyst and necessary for this reaction to occur. There was a change between the –OH group of carboxylic acid to an –OCH2CH3 group in the reaction.

In this experiment rate of reaction with different reactants concentration: KI (0.010 M), KBrO3 (0.040 M), and HCl (0.10 M) will be observed. So, this is reaction between iodide and bromate ion under acidic conditions: 6 I- (aq) +BrO3-(aq)+ H+(aq)→ 3I2(aq) + Br-(aq)+ 3H2O The end of the reaction, will be determined by observing color change of solution. Thus, solution should shange color to blue.

Experiment 2 Report Scaffold (Substitution Reactions, Purification, and Identification) Purpose/Introduction 1. A Sn2 reaction was conducted; this involved benzyl bromide, sodium hydroxide, an unknown compound and ethanol through reflux technique, mel-temp recordings, recrystallization, and analysis of TLC plates. 2. There was one unknown compound in the reaction that was later discovered after a series of techniques described above.

The third reaction included a black precipitate that decomposed to create Copper (II) Oxide and water, which signifies this is a Decomposition reaction. Next, the black solution transitioned into blue acidic solution. By referring to the solubility chart, SO4 (soluble), and water is the output. Last, a single displacement reaction transpired with zinc additional alongside to the previous solution to generate heat (Hydrogen gas materialises) and solid copper. Though, in the activity series, zinc is above copper, which means that zinc (II) sulphate is made then it begins to decay into another chemical equation.

The purpose of this experiment was to perform a bromination reaction that converts cyclohexane to trans-1,2-dibromocyclohexane. To do this, 1 mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide was mixed with 3 mL of bromic acid in a round bottom flask containing a spin vane. The solution turned from clear to orange, dark red. The color change is a useful indicator to identified whether reaction was completed before moving to another step. Next, 1 mL of cyclohexene was pipet into this mixture, which changed the solution from red to orange and eventually yellow.

Bromination is a type of electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction where one hydrogen atom of benzene or benzene derivative is replaced by bromine due to an electrophilic attack on the benzene ring. The purpose of this experiment is to undergo bromination reaction of acetanilide and aniline to form 4-bromoacetanilide and 2,4,6-tribromoaniline respectively. Since -NHCOCH3 of acetanilide and -NH2 of aniline are electron donating groups, they are ortho/para directors due to resonance stabilized structure. Even though the electron donating groups activate the benzene ring, their reactivities are different and result in the formation of different products during bromination.

If this were to happen, the reaction mixture would produce a completely different reaction or a certain component would have been missing (dissolved) within the reaction mixture. Throughout the heating process, we observed the solid being dissolved, precipitated, and, redissolved. This was able to happen because paracetamol and acetic acid are the byproducts of the primary reaction that occurs when p-aminophenol and acetic anhydride react. This response is completed in three unique solvents; iso-amyl alcohol, water, and 2-propanol. In addition, the reaction can be carried out with or without impurities.

7) Discussion: The goal of this experiment was to covert 1-butanol into 1-bromobutane. By reacting 1-butanol with bromine, a nucleophilic substitution would occur where the alcohol group from 1-butanol is replaced with a bromine. In order for the -OH group to depart, its conjugate acid would have to be a strong acid. The conjugate acid for a hydroxyl group is water, which is a weak acid.

Liquid-liquid extraction was used to isolate the arene solution before it was analyzed through GC. The relative reactivities of different arenes in electrophilic aromatic bromination was also observed. In this part, five different arenes were reacted with a solution of acetic acid and bromine and the rates of reaction—determined by a change in color—were recorded. These reactions were done with a water bath. 6.

Double replacement reactions are fascinating. In this lab, 16 reactions are given to create a balanced chemical equation and predict products by using a solubility table. This experiment shows comprehension of reactions and provides reasoning and visuals into the complexities of double replacement reactions. The lab aims to enhance understanding of chemical reactions, providing some depth about these processes. A double replacement reaction is when two compounds exchange positive and negative ions to create new substances and new compounds.