One of the earliest law of cybercrime is the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986. There are many different types of crimes that can be done on a computer. Some of these crimes can be hacking, website defacement, worms and viruses. What are these threats to our computers? What is hacking?
According to Merriam-Webster a hacker is “a person who secretly gets access to a computer system in order to get information, cause damage.” Do you know this word was first seen in the 14th century? Do you know a cracker or cyberpunk is another word for hacker? According to Computer Forensics “in addition to 18 U.S.C. 1030, 18 U.S.C. 1361-1362 cover crimes such as computer hacking and website defacement, and prohibit malicious mischief.” Most hackers get charge when they gain unauthorized access to a protected computer, with 18 U.S.C. 1030. If they alter files or deletes files in a protected computer, they are doing 18 U.S.C. 1030(a)(5)(C). There are many more we can talk about in this section. What is website defacement?
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Websites’ appearance change - pictures and/or words are scrawled across the defaced website.” According to Computer Forensics a webpage defacement is “a type of attack in which one or more individuals alter or replace the content of a website without authorization.” Some examples of this can be activists who are politically motivated. They even got a name for them, they are called “hacktivism”. Some just do web defacement just for amusement purposes. What are worms and
Who are the proletariat? Workers who makes the good. Who are the bourgeoisie? Capitalist who owns means of production.
In addition, the Computer Misuse Act 1990 recognises following offences, which leads to new offences of unauthorized access with the intention of committing a crime. This can lead to a person being guilty of causing a computer to perform any intent of having the secure access of any program/data held in the computer they are accessing.
American’s rights over government protection Are Americans being blindingly controlled by our own government? Today, there is a controversy to whether or not government should be allowed to monitor phone calls, emails, and internet searches for the purpose of investigating terrorist organizations and plans. Although it’s important to remain protected, giving up our rights to our government isn’t an acceptable proposition. Due to our government’s suppressing amount of power and secrecy, it is eccentric for us citizens to allow the government to violate our fourth amendment by breaching our privacy. We have one right that protects us Americans from unreasonable searches and that is the fourth amendment of the United States.
The USA Patriot Act was signed into law on Oct. 26, 2001, due to the need for cooperation among all levels of security. Police and other department agencies were given powerful authority and encouraged to share information. This is to meet the goal for a safer America in times of turmoil including international affairs. But as the years have passed and as terrorist attacks seem to cease, people have begun to question if there’s too many restrictions on law enforcement were called off.
The Interstate Commerce Act (ICA) took place on February 4, 1887, when the Senate and House of Representatives granted Congress the power to regulate interstate railroads. This act included all transactions across several states. The Railroad Industry began taking advantage of the public by overcharging farmers, small business owners, and city to city passengers. The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 originally regulated shipping rates on the Railroad system, but later improved delivery of all kinds such as air travel, trucking, and shipping. The Railroad Industry’s unfair practices targeted the public with underhanded prices.
A week after the Septeber 11 attacks, the Bush administration proposed to the United States Congress the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001, introducing radical changes to combat money laundering that finance terrorist groups, give authority to agencies like FBI to gather domestic intelligence on potential terrorists and construct stricter judicial procedures for deporting suspected terrorists. The most important act passed by the US government was The PATRIOT Act, passed in October 2001, which gained strong support in both chambers. The PATRIOT Act mandated that the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) provide criminal records to Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and State Department officials during visa screening. Beginning of 2002,
The 1966 Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) was drafted in response to demands from leaders in the press and key individuals within Congress for greater access to government information in order to strengthen accountability in its personnel practices, domestic and foreign intelligence gathering efforts, foreign policy decisions, and other activities. The FOIA serves as a mechanism for the public?s right to know which in effect threatens the government?s right to protect state secrets and other privileged information. As a result, the process of implementing, interpreting, and applying the FOIA over time has been shaped by these competing interests. This article begins with a brief history of the origins of the act, followed by a description
4. Abuse of the Patriot Act— Several provisions of the Patriot Act were set to expire at the end of 2005 and, despite opposition from across the political spectrum and more than 400 community and state resolutions expressing concern about the Patriot Act, Congress reauthorized the law without reforming its most flawed provisions to bring these extraordinary powers back in line with the Constitution. Since then, the Justice Department 's Inspector General found that the FBI has issued hundreds of thousands of national security letters, a majority against U.S. persons, and many without any connection to terrorism at
The personal liberties of Americans is what gives meaning to being an American. These liberties should be respected and upheld to the greatest efforts possible and should not be abridged by no means less than do process as exemplified by the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the American Constitution. However, over time, we have learned about legislation that has been enacted by our government with said efforts to protect the nation. Hence, the Espionage and Sedition Acts, the confinement of Japanese-Americans during the Second World War, the Red Scare post-WWII, and the Pentagon Papers of 1971 are all examples that depict some of the behaviors performed by the federal government that would appear to infringe on these liberties.
The FISA and the USA Patriot Act The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) and the United and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act (USA Patriot Act) are two actions taken to aid in the efforts against terrorism in the United States. FISA was enacted in 1978 and the U.S. Patriot Act was enacted in 2001 (McAdams III, no date). Both Acts have been and will continue to be critical instruments to combat terrorism. However, the media has exploited these Acts in terms of civil liberties and has demoralized the truth behind them.
Soon after the 9/11 terrorist attack, the United States felt the need to increase security and create something that would help the government prevent another attack. In came the Patriot Act. The Patriot Act is laws passed that kept up with new technology to be able to keep up with the more sophisticated criminals. Many of the ideas I agree with and see as routes to keep the government officials on the right track; however, there is one part I feel is an unnecessary part and should not have been included in the Act. I personally don't believe that the Patriot Act has done anything to help prevent terrorist attacks.
Government policy-making and administration in the modern era have grown increasingly expensive and complex. For this reason, the government has implemented the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), sunshine laws, and sunset laws for individuals who desire to hold the government responsible for its promises and obligations. Milakovich and Gordon (2013) provides an in-depth analysis of the FOIA, sunshine, and sunset laws to emphasize accountability among administrators and policymakers. Freedom of Information Act Enacted in 1966 by Congress, the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) is the federal law where citizens may gain access to the full or partial disclosure of a wide variety of records and files from all federal agencies of the government.
In the midst of potential war and terror many are worried of what the future holds. This is how the American people felt after the terrible terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon on September 11, 2001. The government had to think fast and make brash decisions to protect our country, and The Patriot Act (during the time) was the best solution. The Patriot Act was one of the fastest acts passed, many government officials were only thinking of the present, and ways to prevent foreign attack. The act has been edited several times over the years due to many mistakes of violating individual’s rights.
When thinking about our government, the best advice should be taken by our founding fathers. Ben Franklin said, ”People willing to trade their freedom for temporary security deserve neither and will lose both. "(1). Should we toss out our Bill of Rights to protect ourselves from a temporary threat(check youtube vid for source)? Should we abandon our inalienable god given rights, from fear of a threat that kills a bit more the amount of people killed from drunk driving?(2)(2.5)
They are just leeches who take other people's property without consent, criminals lurking on the internet. I have been hacked a couple of times through online software, where I have downloaded software then viruses attack my system, usually a pop up box appears saying “You have been hacked” - they are the equivalent of 10 year olds. Crackers are just a bunch of kids who have nothing to do so they mess someone else information or steal