The Four Main Ethical Theory Of Beauchamp And Childress

However, the responsible and trusted caregiver team must take an action through multiple processes in order to favor the patient. Although the physicians have known earlier when the terminally ill patient near to die, they are not comfortable with withdrawing of life-sustaining treatments. The intention is not to kill the patient, but using the available technology and creating a moral obligation to use what ethical principle prescribes. Underlining the disease process cannot be reversed, life-sustaining treatment can be withdrawn acknowledging that the treatment limitation (Reynolds, Coper, & McKneally, 2005). Ethics committee is a helpful source of advice that can provide consultation about ethical issues in treatment limitation.

The first APA ethical principle I’d like to discuss in terms of the impacts it may have on my consulting project with NW Noggin is Principle A which is further comprised of the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence. The principle of beneficence says physicians are expected to care for their patients to the best of their ability; essentially this ethical principle implies physicians should behave in an altruistic and charitable manner towards their patients (e.g., selflessness, serving the greater good). The principle of nonmaleficence parallels the principle of beneficence, for it exclaims a physician will do no harm (i.e., the no harm rule) meaning they will avoid committing unnecessary harm to their patients. In my consulting project, the potential impacts of Principle A could arise in the development and implementation of services for both the consultants and the organization they are serving.

Ethics of healthcare depends on 4 moral standards and how they are utilised; autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. Autonomy, which means self-governance, is the rule for regarding the privileges of a person to settle on a choice for them self, and respecting that decision. In healthcare this implies regarding a patient's choice on treatments, regardless of the possibility that it could bring about damage or demise to themselves. Autonomy is about self-rule, control free, without impact or influence from any other person, and is tied in with making an educated and un-forced choice about their care and medicines, based from their qualities and inclinations. Alongside autonomy is the principle of justice, which incorporates reasonableness

McGoldrick’s case. Her case focuses on two sides of one coin: living with dignity and dying with dignity. From a principlism perspective, there is tension between respecting patient autonomy – assuming decision-making capacity – and beneficence, from a clinical standpoint (9). Treatment from a ‘best-interest’ and dignity perspective differs among the various stakeholders in the case, where the family and physician believe potentially life-sustaining options must be pursued, though the patient outwardly refuses those treatments. The ethics of Mrs. McGoldrick’s wish to die and refuse treatment hinges largely upon whether she has decision-making capacity.

The healthcare system is governed by the main goal of providing utmost care to the patient (Debiasi, 2017). To care for a family, the

Furthermore, it can ensure when the patient is unable to make any medical decision. This is a common agreement between the medical choices and decisions. Through discussion and understanding, pre-determined treatment intent at the time of death and other options for dying care and appoint "caregivers" in the patient In the event of a loss of self-determination, the "caregiver" may represent his wishes and ensure that the will is committed. This will not only enhance the mutual trust and understanding of patients, family members and health care workers. On the other hand, it will also avoid the difficulties and pressures of family members in the face of illness and death, and reduce the chance of making a decision to feel contradictory and guilty.

Central to the argument for assisted dying is respect for patients ' autonomy, but how far does patient autonomy go in modern society? If assisted dying is legalized could a non‐terminal patient autonomously request assisted death? Equally, the argument of patient autonomy, respect for a patient 's wishes at the end of their life is paramount and has to be balanced against a respect for human dignity and the reverence for life. The Oregon Death with Dignity Act (DWDA) was a citizen 's initiative first passed by Oregon voters in November 1994 with only 51% in favor.

Another very important ethical principle is beneficence. Beneficence as described in the article, ‘Ethics and Pain Management in Hospitalized Patients’ by Bernhofer (2012), is the principle of doing good. What this principle means is that care must be provided in an appropriate and timely manner. Nurses must provide pain relief on time and at the right dose for effective pain relief. Based on research pain is best treated before it becomes severe.

The family is at the center of all ethical and life-preserving decisions. Grave diagnosis like cancer is concealed from the patient by the family with belief

The ethical principle of autonomy provides for respect for the patient’s autonomy to make decisions and choices concerning their life and death. Respecting the patient’s autonomy goes against the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. There also exists the issue of religious beliefs the patient, family, or the caretaker holds, with which the caretaker has to grapple. The caretaker thus faces issues of fidelity to patient welfare by not abandoning the patient or their family, compassionate provision of pain relief methods, and the moral precept to neither hasten death nor prolong life.

Patient autonomy argues that a person’s life is their own, allowing a patient to make decisions on whether to live or die. This is seen most strongly in cases where people are suffering severe pain or disability. However, to what extend is individual autonomy to be undermined? In our current model, the guidelines for determining the competency of a patient present too many holes. Therefore, allowing life and death decisions to rest on individual autonomy rejects our society’s basic attitude or respect for

All nurses should take positive actions to help their patients and to have the desire to do good. On the other hand, nonmaleficence is the core of the nursing ethics and it revolves around the idea that nurses have to remain competent in their field as to avoid causing injury or harm to patients. Nonmaleficence also requires all health care professionals to report any suspected abuse. The last ethical principle is justice. This ethical principle revolves around the idea that all patients must be treated equally and fairly.

Non-maleficence The principle of non-maleficence essentially complements the principle of beneficence in the sense that both rest on the fundamental importance of what is in the patient’s best interest. Non-maleficence requires healthcare professionals, to avoid harm to the patient or go against the patient’s wishes. In the assignment

Utilitarianism and Deontology are two major ethical theories that influence nursing practice. Utilitarian principles of promoting the greatest good for the greatest amount of people parallels the nursing tenet of beneficence. Deontological principles of treating individuals with dignity, and promoting the well-being of the individual parallels the nursing tenet of non-maleficence. Utilitarian and Deontological principles can be utilized to resolve ethical dilemmas that arise in the nursing profession. The purpose of this paper is to define utilitarianism and deontology, discuss the similarities and differences between the two, and to address an ethical dilemma utilizing utilitarian and deontological principles.

The practice of health care includes many scenarios that have to do with making adequate decisions when it comes to a patient’s life, and the way they are treated. Having an ethical code in all health care organizations is very important, because it helps health care workers with reaching a suited and ethical decision when it comes to the patient. In health care, patient will always be put first, and their autonomy will always be respected. Nevertheless, when there is a situation where a patient might be in harm, or might be making their condition worse because of the decisions they made. Health care workers will always be there to