What Killed Jim Crow Dbq Essay

Thesis Martin Luther King, Jr., through the use of eloquent writing and appeals to emotion, refutes several local religious leaders' criticisms of the his and the SCLC's outside involvement and nonviolent direct action taken to draw attention to and build support for the end of segregation, not only in Birmingham, but all of the United States. Main Points First King refutes idea that he is an outside agitator that doesn’t belong in Birmingham, as he and several members of his staff were invited to the city by a local affiliate organization of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). He also asserts that his involvement there is valid, as “injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere” as communities are connected and affect each other indirectly.

The year was 1963, referenced in history as the defining year of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States. The place, a roach-infested jail cell in Birmingham, Alabama. From solitary confinement, Martin Luther King Jr, responds to a statement published in the newspapers where eight Birmingham clergymen condemned reverend King’s protest as “unwise and untimely”. The Birmingham Campaign, was a series of peaceful demonstrations led by, and organized, by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Resources (ACMHR). The nonviolent demonstrations’ goal was to end the segregation system present in the city of Birmingham.

The Birmingham Campaign was very significant, as well as the SCLC, in the Civil Rights Movement. The SCLC is the Southern Christian Leadership Campaign. This was headed by King himself. The SCLC created the nonviolent Birmingham Campaign in 1957. Bull Connor, city commissioner, tried to use force against the activists.

Jim Crow was not a person, it was a series of laws that imposed legal segregation between white Americans and African Americans in the American South. It promoting the status “Separate but Equal”, but for the African American community that was not the case. African Americans were continuously ridiculed, and were treated as inferiors. Although slavery was abolished in 1865, the legal segregation of white Americans and African Americans was still a continuing controversial subject and was extended for almost a hundred years (abolished in 1964). Remembering Jim Crow: African Americans Tell About Life in the Segregated South is a series of primary accounts of real people who experienced this era first-hand and was edited by William H.Chafe, Raymond

In the early 1960s the Negro community in Birmingham Alabama experienced an immense amount of racial injustice through the acts of segregation. A religious group in the community, more commonly known as the Eight White Clergymen, published "A Call For Unity" in the local paper. In this letter, the Clergymen argued against the public demonstrations taking place in Birmingham and further provided the community with alternative options. In direct response to the Clergymen Martin Luther King, Jr. wrote the "Letter from Birmingham Jail." In this letter, King's intentions are to answer the Clergymen's' "criticisms" in "patient" and "reasonable" terms.

Early in 1963, Civil Rights leaders in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and other civil rights groups developed a plan to desegregate Birmingham, a city notorious for its discriminatory practices in employment and public life. SCLC and the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights members immediately canvassed colleges and high schools for volunteers and began training them on the tactics of nonviolent direct action. here are not enough cops to contain them, and police reinforcements are

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Alexander, M. (2012). The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (Rev. ed.). New York, NY: The New Press. Michelle Alexander in her book, "The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness" argues that law enforcement officials routinely racially profile minorities to deny them socially, politically, and economically as was accustomed in the Jim Crow era.

In the book “Why We Can't Wait” by Martin Luther King, JR.. explains how the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights -A.C.H.R. was organized to end segregation in Birmingham. With the nonviolent protest of 1963 being led by Martin Luther King Jr., it would strike as a successful and revolutionary change in history. In “Why We Can't Wait”, it explains that Southern Christian Leadership Conference S.C.L.C. had a promise with the downtown white merchants to remove signs and allow blacks to eat at their counter tops. It didn't take long for the signs to go back up in front of the stores. The S.C.L.C. and A.C.H.R. had only been tricked to believe this would be a permanent change.

For many years, the African-Americans were not heard and experienced problems of segregation. This situation suppressed those people and was seen as a sign of corruption of the society as well as the sign of corruption of the souls. This situation showed that African Americans cannot feel free in this situation. In regards to this, the way things went in Birmingham was a way worse than in other parts of the US. While people chose the way of demonstrations to overcome this corruption, some clergymen representatives published a so called Call for Unity in the newspaper.

After the Civil War ended, bringing freedom to enslaved African-Americans, they still had one more major social issue to fight, segregation. Segregation lasted from the end of the Civil War to the 1960s. During this time, the South and the North both faced segregation, but the South primarily faced the most racial tensions. This time frame in American history was known as the Jim Crow era. Additionally, African-Americans faced many hardships during this time, such as unclean bathrooms, unequal and separate water fountains, voting restrictions, and awful schooling compared to whites.

In Birmingham, Alabama on April 3, 1963, a civil rights campaign began. With coordinated marches and sit-ins against racism and racial segregation, the nonviolent operation was organized by the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR) and Martin Luther King 's Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). After several days of protesting, a ban on parading, demonstrating, boycotting, trespassing and picketing was sanctioned. Leaders of the campaign declared they would defy the ruling. On April 12, King was arrested along with activist Ralph Abernathy, Fred Shuttlesworth and other protestors in front of thousands of African Americans dressed for Good Friday looked on.

One example of policymaking under "Jim Crow" is the segregation of the military and other federal government workplaces, a policy that was brought about in 1913 under the orders of President Woodrow Wilson. Although "Jim Crow" laws made segregation an absolute legal requirement in many cases, in some places in the U.S., the spirit of racism was enough to keep racial segregation a reality. Even something as simple as traffic was affected by some "Jim Crow" laws, as there were areas in the U.S. where white drivers were always considered to have the right of way while driving, no matter what the circumstance. The Jim Crow laws and system of etiquette were undergirded by violence, real and threatened. Blacks who violated Jim

Influential Person Research Paper Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was an influential figure because of his contributions to the Civil Rights Movement despite the challenges he faced such as constantly being arrested and his house being bombed. One of the first accomplishments of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was his founding and presidency of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The SCLC is a civil rights group that focused on desegregating the south. The group's first focus was on desegregating the bus system, but they eventually moved on to greater things such as registering blacks to vote and organizing peaceful protests. This proves that King was a successful civil rights leader, even though he struggled against racists whites in power that would try to oppress him and his group.

These ideas would later begin to deteriorate in the black communities due to Jim Crow laws, racial discrimination, and eventually the race riot. Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. After the riot in Atlanta, many African American looked to the ideas of W.E.B. Du Bois. Bois, who help find the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, wanted to force equality for African Americans by all ways possible. He believed this would be a faster approach than Washington’s ideas.

Summary/Assessment: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), which is an organization operating in every Southern state with its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. He came to Birmingham, Alabama because injustice lies there and helped protest about it in a nonviolent demonstration against racial discrimination. The eight clergymen of the South did not approve of these demonstrations happening which caused Dr. King to be confined in Birmingham Jail cell, writing a letter to them men explaining on why he was in Birmingham and what his reasons were for these protests. He begins to talk about and explain the four basic steps that needed to be followed for any nonviolent campaign. He also gives the audience a better understanding by giving a visual glimpse of what the black community had to endure.