Bf Skinner's Theory Of Behaviour Modification

Skinner in 1938.Operant conditioning is a form of learning which explains the relation of behaviors on certain rewards and consequences. The study of the theory only deals with expressible behaviors and not any internal mental thoughts and brain mechanisms. Operant Conditioning works by applying two major concepts, Reinforcements and Punishments, after the behavior is executed, which causes the rate of behavior to increase or decrease. Skinner’s Skinner box experiment with a rat is the base for operant conditioning theory and its concepts. The main principle comprises changing environmental events that are related to a person's behavior.

Operant conditioning is a type of learning process where the strength of a client’s behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment. Dr. Foxx’s work with Harry is an example of operant conditioning because of the techniques he used with different levels of consequences, for example time out and physical reinforcements. With that being said Dr. Foxx used Harrys restraints as both positive and negative reinforcements. In addition, some of the examples Dr. Foxx used to work with Harrys problem behavior

Re-Inforcemet theory-B.F. Skinner Skinner 's theory of reinforcement proposed that “behavior can be controlled by its consequences, that is, by what follows the behavior” (Schultz & Schultz, 2012). After my disobedience I was publicly beaten and then beaten again in my sleep. This helped to weaken or lessen my disobedience and it added a stimuli which was the beating. There are two types of reinforcers, negative and positive reinforcers.

Chicago has adopted several nicknames within the past few years. One of the most frequently used nicknames is Chi-Raq. Chicago was given the nickname because the city’s murder rates surpassed the death rates in Iraq within one year. Because of the large amount of publicity Chicago has received, even Spike Lee chose to produce a movie entitled “Chi-Raq”. Chicago has been deemed as a city with several shootings and killings.

There are many ways in which a classroom teacher can create a culture of positive behavioral support for students. The teacher can create these supports with or with out the school system having this policy. One of the most important ways for a teacher to establish this positive support is by having the expectations present for the students, so they understand what is expected of them individually, and with other classmates. If the students don’t know what they need or should be doing, and how they should be acting towards others in the classroom, then it may not be fair to the students if they get reprimanded. It also creates a negative environment when the teacher is constantly saying reprimanding the students, telling saying, “no” to everything.

He discusses a common belief that students are incapable of self-regulation and thus need constant positive or negative reinforcement. " A common assumption in the discourse of classroom management/control is that young people require behavioral control through active adult surveillance, regulation, and intervention" (Wegwert 2014, p. 139). Wegwert then cites the use of rewards and punishments is ineffective, despite its prevalence. The sources and research he references aids the argument against the assumption of classroom control. Wegwert concludes the section with personal advice: “Words matter and it can be very powerful to use language as a strategy to re-frame unquestioned assumptions and introduce new strategies” (Wegwert, 2014, p 139).

Handling discipline and behavioral problems can be divided into two approaches, a controlled disposition and a cooperation disposition. With the controlled disposition, students comply with policies because they fear being punished, on the opposite side, cooperation disposition where students comply with rules because they see them reasonable and important to have a safer school environment. The two methods are different and almost contradicting to each other.

This Behavioral Matrix has been created by summarizing the expectations of grade 4 teachers at our example school from the students and the consequences they thought would be suitable to address those undesired behaviors in line with their intensity level. As it is created with teacher responses we can expect a high teacher buy-in and involvement into the Behavior matrix and its implementation. There are progressive consequences for progressive undesired behaviors. This is not a punishment scale for the students, but rather, it is a tool to be used by the teachers in order to teach the students Social Skills and help the school implement an Positive Behavior Support System. Another important aspect of the Behavior Matrix is that if an undesired behavior in an intensity level repeats, this behavior is automatically moved to the next intensity level, which is teaching the students not following the teacher's feedback of warnings will have more serious consequences.

Basically, operant conditioning involves reinforcement or punishment as the way of changes in behaviour or pattern permanently. Operant describes as voluntary response of living organism. The individual response is affected by the later consequences. In short, it is just an easy process of learning that tends to response more when the outcome is manipulated. Operant conditioning was found by Polish neurophysiologist Jerzy Konorsky.

If I were an underpaid, highly skilled preschool teacher and on the first day of school noticed that one particular student is pushing other preschoolers, snapping all of the crayons, throwing puzzle pieces on the floor etc, I would definitely make sure each behavior was followed by punishment. Given Skinner 's theories of operant conditioning, reinforcers would only repeat a problem, while punishment would diminish the behavior, as long as an act itself is immediately followed by punishment. However, both reinforcers and punishers have the potential to be positive or negative. In short, operant conditioning is a theory of behaviorism. It broadly focuses on changes in an individual’s observable behaviors.

Operant Conditioning is a process of behavior modification in which someone is encouraged to behave in a desired manner through positive or negative reinforcement, and/or positive or negative punishment. Therefore, that someone comes to associate the pleasure or displeasure of the reinforcement or punishment with the behavior. Operant Conditioning is a popular learning style in Secondary Schools. An example of Operant Conditioning in secondary schools would be answering “questions during class discussions: each time a student answers a question(operant), the teacher praises(reinforces) the behavior… in terms of motivation: the likely hood of the student answering questions (the motivation) is increasing because of the teachers praise (motivator)”(Operant conditioning as a way of motivating). This is important to students because they tend to pay more attention in class when there is some kind of reward, praise and reinforcement.

In addition to his contributions to education, Skinner also influenced the clinical treatment of mental disorders. He created the behavior modification method; a process based on operant conditioning, by which subjects received small rewards for good behavior. The method has been used by psychologists and psychiatrist with extremely disturbed patients and has been used to overcome obesity, shyness, speech defects, addiction and other issues. The desired outcome is given a positive reinforcement and the behavior that is undesired is not given a reward.

Operant conditioning is a type of learning where behavior is controlled by consequences (page 290). The types of operant conditioning are positive and negative reinforcements or positive and negative punishments (page 295). Mr. Byrne could reduce disruptive behaviors by ignoring them. When Mr. Byrne ignores the student disrupting class, the student will realize that nobody is paying attention to him or her. The student will then stop disrupting the class because he or she is not getting any attention.

The teacher will explain to the students the rules. When a rule is broken the student will already know what is the consequence for their misbehavior. These details both agree that if misbehavior is being displayed a consequence will be administered. (Kagan, n.d.)

The practice of rewarding or punishing as a result of any action is considered Operant Conditioning. Operant conditioning can be used to manipulate behavioral issues with children by rewarding a desired behavior or punishing an undesired behavior. For example: a mother and her child head to the grocery