Chapter 2
Security and Encryption
Introduction
the process of preventing and detecting unauthorized using of your computer is called Computer security, prevention help to stop unauthorized users (also known as "intruder") from accessing computer system, detection determine where if someone attempted to break into system or not. Network security is the proper safeguarding of all components associated with a network.
Security involves the various measures to protect network's components and resource from various threats including physical (e.g., natural disaster, sabotage) and illegitimate users. In generally, security is similar to safety, Security is the condition of being protected against danger and loss [9].
Security issues associated with co-operative routing in multi-hop wireless networks they are as follows [12]:
• Confidentiality: The confidentiality property refers to limiting unauthorized access to sensitive information.
• Integrity: Message integrity is concerned with ensuring that the message is modified or allowed to be altered by only authorized agents.
• Availability: Message availability ensures that the nodes are safe from denial of service attacks.
Wireless technologies
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WLANs are being largely used in education, healthcare, financial industries, and various public places such as airline lounges, coffee shops, and libraries. Although the technology has been standardized for many years, providing the wireless network security has become a critical area of concern. Due to the broadcast nature of the wireless communication, it becomes easy for an attacker to capture wireless communication or to disturb the normal operation of the network by injecting additional traffic [7]. WLANs are very flexible and topologies configured based on the application. Some possible uses of WLANs are mentioned
5. METHODOLOGY 5.1 Secure Multipath Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks Till date many routing protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks, but only few of them consider the problem of security [4] and most of them are developed without any security concern. So in this section we focus at selected multipath routing protocols in order to cope with the various attacks. For avoiding intruders attacks in HWSN various methods and algorithms are implemented out of that Professor Hamid Al-Hamadi and Professor Ing-Ray Chen:
Dear helpdesk My name is hashimoto I want to ask something about TS and TM, please confirm the info below: Protocol number: CNTO136ARA3004 Study: JJ90061 Site: 081047 This study will use TS from Sep, MIFI and cable cannot be used in this site. I received a manual about how to set up WIFI. But I cannot understand it very clearly, could you let me know the details about how to do this?
The terrorist attacks on our country that occurred on September 11, 2001 were, without a doubt, the most horrific and deadly in our history. In the aftermath of these attacks, the United States Congress moved quickly to pass legislation that untied the hands of law enforcement in an effort to make investigating terrorist organizations easier. On October 26, 2001, a mere 45 days after the 9/11 tragedy, Congress passed the USAPATRIOT (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism) Act. The overall purpose of the USA PATRIOT Act was: “To deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world, to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and for other purposes
Domestic Surveillance? “Arguing that you don't care about the right to privacy because you have nothing to hide is no different than saying you don't care about free speech because you have nothing to say.” This nugget of wisdom was expressed by Edward Snowden, a former National Security Agency (NSA) contractor who is now exiled in Moscow. Two years ago, he dropped a bombshell on the American public and global citizens everywhere.
1. Symmetric encryption the keys should be changed frequently. They are shared between two peers, keys should be known only by the two members using them. So confidentiality is extremely important to key exchange. In-band key exchange takes place in the existing and established communication channel.
Describe different types of business documents that may be produced and the format to be followed for each. There are many different types of business documents that are used daily in business environments, for example; Emails- The fastest way to send documents and information and follow the format of recipient and subject. Spreadsheets- These are used to store information electronically.
New devices for example smartphones, tablets, and computers that know how to detect the unused spectrum can use it to transmit wireless broadband signals, this is also known as “WhiteFi” or “Super Wi-Fi.” These frequencies are especially very useful because they can carry a lot of data over long distances and reach even indoors. Tech companies for example Google, Microsoft, Intel, Dell, and HP faced off against lots of broadcasters to support early efforts to even reuse white space for this purpose, and even launched some of the first tests for new devices that can do it. Now, enthusiasm for WhiteFi is being picked up across the world. Moreover, a national demonstration project in the United States has led to public libraries being since spread to Finland, Malaysia, and the Philippines.
“Once you’ve lost your privacy, you realize you’ve lost an extremely valuable thing” - Billy Graham. “Invasion of privacy is a legal term. It is used to describe a circumstance where an individual or organization knowingly intrudes upon a person. The intrusion occurs when the person has a reasonable expectation of privacy, such as in a bathroom or locker room”(Winston). There are many factors that help with the loss of privacy these days.
It provides a significant improvement in efficiency and security over the barcode that is used in most airports around the world. International Air Transport Association (IATA) has developed the plan for the adoption of RFID in the aviation industry (e.g. baggage tag, baggage track, boarding pass, and employee pass). When RFID technology is implemented, losses in aviation industry will decrease by 10% which include mislaid baggage, lost baggage and damaged [2] [3]. RFID collects information wirelessly as the tags are read by the reader, the received data is to be processed and controlled remotely and this is where IoT comes into play. The IoT allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure [13], creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems [6] [12] which helps reducing manpower involved and reduces the complexity.
The method messages are stored are also convenient, because the gadget can just store it using some memory. It is also less tedious to be done than a letter. The downside of modern communications devices is that there are chances in which the devices are held by another person or the application used are hacked or
Information transmission and exchange over shared channels such as Internet, Intranet…etc, becoming a more necessity for all fields in our daily life. It is therefore possible for any user to intercept the sensitive data that is transmitted over the shared channel. So information security and data encryption are becoming more and more important. Information encryption techniques have been an important and active research area from ancient time to nowadays, which involves a number of applications such as military communication, intellectual properties protection, information security, to name a few. One of the major purposes of data encryption is that one is able to encode data to be sent in such a way, that it is difficult for an unauthorized
Cyber threats continue to plague governments and businesses around the world. Cyberwarfare is Internet-based conflict involving politically motivated attacks on information and information systems. Normally there are two purposes of Cyberwarfare, espionage or sabotage. Cyberwarfare attacks can disable official websites and networks, disrupt or disable essential services, steal or alter classified data, and cripple financial systems. Cyber operations can also aide military operations, such as intelligence gathering and information warfare.
Staying Safe Online - for Teenagers & Adult Please carefully consider and abide by the tips below and remember that they apply to public posts and private messages. The importance of staying safe online cannot be overestimated. Always keep in mind that there are lots of dangerous people online. Many of them are very good at pretending to be someone else and winning your trust. Please read the SMART Guidelines below, for useful tips on staying safe online.
These days more and more families are buying unlimited wifi in their homes. It is more than likely that it now comes in a package in conjunction with your house phone. Due to modern demand the majority of services available to the public offer free wifi. For example, Starbucks, Ianraid Eireann, Bus Eireann, and many more. This means it is so very easy to click onto one of your favourite online shops and browse whenever you want.
Though we live in a fast developing world, with all the advancements in science and technology, we still seem to be an insecure lot. ‘Insecure’ to the extent that, we are not sure of ourselves, and the people around us, and the world in which we live. The term ‘insecurity’ implies a lack of assurance, uncertainty and unprotectedness. It also means lacking confidence, and doubtful about their own abilities, and about whether other people really like them.