Classical Liberalism Vs Conservatism

This essay will also focus on the competition between the Liberals and the Conservatives who presented as the Liberal's

1) Vertical Integration is when a company controls every step of its business from the production of its own supplies to the distribution of its product which the company avoids a middlemen. On the other hand, Horizontal Combination is when one company buys competing companies in the same industry. 2) The Dawes Act divided the land of almost all tribes into small portions that were distributed to Indian families who would adopt habits of civilized life to become American citizens. The remaining land was sold off to white purchasers.

Before the early twentieth century, Americans either swayed republican or democratic, but as the country reached the 1900s liberal and conservative ideals surfaced into many citizens’ mindsets. Liberals were people with modern ideas and believed that in order to better the American society, there needed to be room for change. Conservatives, however, believed in tradition and had strong beliefs on sticking to the original way of life in America. President Herbert Hoover, who was seen as a conservative, was elected in 1929. Under the republican party, many Americans liked him because he worked his way to the top.

The Democratic Party and the Republican Party have a long rivalry that predates the American Civil War. Their rivalry is based upon issues much more pressing than any foreign policy dispute that America faces today. This rivalry is based upon the application of human rights and natural rights in the social policies in the United States. These terms, now used interchangeably by most Democrats and Republicans, are the base of all the modern social debates between Republicans and Democrats. But where did this difference begin and how will it affect the development of the two dominating parties of the United States?

World War I was a war that Americans entered reluctantly, and a war which led to the replacement of progressivism by liberalism. Liberalism arose from a feeling of entrapment brought by the various regulations on industry and society, and embraced individualism to create a sense of liberation. Cars, especially the Model T, played a massive role in this by giving mobility to men and women, and creating a sense of freedom and independence (McGerr 228). The phonograph, psychotherapy, sports, amusement parks, dance, and music were other individualistic concepts, which provided pleasure. African Americans of the period began migrating to cities like Chicago, and enjoyed certain individualistic freedoms like music and boxing (McGerr 257), but were also banned from many theaters and places of leisure, and often created their own theaters.

The republican ideology consists of maximizing personal liberty through certain democratic preconditions. In this system, the government must be concerned about shaping virtuous citizens by insuring they are engaged in politics, well educated, critical thinkers, and willing to sacrifice for the good of the community. The political concept of liberalism also prioritizes personal liberty above all else, however, the approach differs drastically from that of republican ideology. Although the two types of liberalism (classical and modern) diverge on the issue of government intervention, they both look to limit power in the government, majorities, and fundamental liberties. These two political ideologies are in play in American politics and cause discord between the implementation and interpretation of policy simply on the grounds of their differences.

Populism and Progressivism were two very important movements in US history, that occurred during the outbreaks of the workers union after the civil war. These movements led to the formation of the Populist party in 1892 and the Progressive party in 1912. While there are many similarities between the two movements, they are also very different. The two parties fought for very similar things.

Nolan McCarty argues that the roots of the current manifestation can be traced back to the 1970s. He asserts that the Republican movements, successively to the right, has further widened the schism. On the other hand, Geoffrey Layman along with Thomas Carsey is of the opinion that polarization is the nature of politics in America and that from time immemorial, it has been about a single concern at a time. Further, they claim that the activists now have an easier time to get into party systems and this means that currently, polarization is all about a myriad of issues at any given moment and it is causing the conflict to extend. Other two scholars namely, Samuel Abrams and Fiorina Morris argue that presently, the U.S electorate is analogous to that which existed in the 1970s and this implies that a political center still exists (Hopkins & Sides, 2015).

After the 2008 election, while the Democrats were gaining popularity with rising cohorts of younger and minority voters, the Republicans were still in a mess, having difficulties to reunite under their new party leader. Although the new president’s promise to ‘transform America’ was welcomed by the young generation of the US, it was perceived as a threat to the middle-class, well educated, white Americans aged above 45. For example, they believed that increasing taxes on people like themselves to finance larger amount of governmental spending towards the lazy and the undeserving was going to be a threat to the country’s well-being. But since there was no notable political rival against the Democrats, those right-wing conservatives united under

A twenty-first century Republican is “undoubtedly proud of the early party’s stand against slavery, but is likely to cringe at its support of protectionist tariffs rather than free trade.” (Eddins, 2012). Today most Republicans believe that government should tax people less, maintain a strong military, and intervene in people’s lives as little as possible. On the other hand Democrats support government programs that help those in need, as well as protection of public education, civil rights, and environmental issues. Although the Democratic-Republican party over powered the Federalists, we wouldn’t be where we are today without either of these political

It can be hard to find your political view. Sometimes it takes time and research on political issues in our country and around the world. There are two popular political views; conservative and liberal. The definition for a conservative; is holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation, typically in relation to politics or religion. Liberal definition is; open to new behavior or opinions and willing to discard traditional values.

Finally, it will be argued that the modern political party system in the United States is a two-party system dominated by the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. These two parties have won every United States presidential election since 1852 and have controlled the United States Congress since 1856. The Democratic Party generally positions itself as centre-left in American politics and supports a modern American liberal platform, while the Republican Party generally positions itself as centre-right and supports a modern American conservative platform. (Nichols, 1967)

Liberal Democracy is a democratic system of government in which individual rights and freedoms are officially recognized and protected, and the exercise of political power is limited by the rule of law. The word democracy is greek, the word “demos” means people and “kratos” means power. The idea of liberalism first began in the 1600’s with John Locke as he believed that the people should be allowed to remove the government currently ruling when they have misused their power for ulterior motives. Although the seed was planted in the 1600’s, liberal democracy only properly took form in the 1840’s in Canada. Australia and New Zealand followed not long after as they began to use the secret ballot system to elect political leaders.

I will talk about this topic citing the thoughts of three. Fundamental liberal philosophers Locke, who is considered the Father of Liberalism, Mill and Hayek. John Locke is one of the founders of the modern, democratic and liberal state. He is the first and most effective defenders of citizens' freedom. Locke states that moral rules have to have the reason of being useful for the preservation of society and public happiness.

Medieval political thought or otherwise medieval political philosophy was characterized by the perception of control over both political and religious beliefs. Classical liberalism, on the other hand, advocated for personal freedoms and protection by the state. It is categorical that the two philosophies differ on the freedoms of the people at the individual level. Classical liberalism allows for the freedom of expression, thought and religion, whereas medieval political philosophies limited personal freedoms in favor of the ‘public