Effects Of Westward Expansion From 1860 To 1890

The American 16th president Abraham Lincoln approved the Pacific Railway Act of 1862, giving building contracts to only two railroad companies. The railroad later becomes a symbol of unity between the broken American nation. The construction of the railroad helped build the foundation of the transportation

After the railroad lines had been built out west changes occurred for both the Western and Eastern United States. By 1860 railroads connected nearly every major city and over 80 percent of farms were 5 miles from the railroad. It was easier and faster to transport goods such as; lumber, grain, corn, etc. to the Eastern United States. Farming changed with railroads because farmers could put their products and animals on the trains and make money. Within the first 10 years of completion the railroad had shipped over $50 million in goods.

Each railroad company got one side of the country. The Union Pacific got the East side of the country, starting at Omaha, Nebraska, and the Central Pacific got the West side of the country, starting at Sacramento, California. Both companies joined tracks on May 10, 1869 in Promontory Point, Utah. During the time of the building, The Civil War

Transcontinental Railroad Travel predating the late 1860’s was a complicated and expensive opportunity. With the California gold rush of 1848 the push for a more universal mode of transportation was increasingly sought after. Men and families alike would either have to travel across the country westward by foot and wagon, or they would need to take a ship that would take them around much of South America before going back up north to California. The problem was not only did it cost in the thousands of dollars range, but the time in which it took was rather inefficient.

In 1862 President Abraham Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act (lindahall.org). This act gave the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific the land for building the railroad (ducksters.com). The government was paying these two companies by milage and that caused some problems to occur. They were paid $6,000 per mile on flat land, $32,000 for building on the high plains, and $48,000 per mile through mountains (tcrr.com).

Discuss the reasons why Americans were drawn to expansion in the late nineteenth century? America’s was drawn into continual westward expansion in the late nineteenth century because it wanted to expand trade amongst other reasons. There was that small-group of Americans who warned that the country must not let itself be shut out of the scramble for empire. American was beginning to a overflowing population of America, which according to, a census, which stated by census that there was no longer a clear line separating settled the land from unsettled land.

Central Pacific Railroad started from San Francisco, and used Chinese laborers for their work, pushing through the Sierra Nevada mountains. In 1867, to encourage quick progression, Congress deemed the land remaining between the two companies, which was the Utah plains, to be paid at mountain rate. This motivated the Union Pacific crew to lay 360 miles of track, and the Central Pacific crew to lay 425 miles of track within the year (Stockwell, 2011). Unfortunately, this hasty pace came at a cost.

In 1862, an act was passed down called the Pacific railroad act. This act chartered the Central Pacific and the Pacific railroad companies. In addition, the Pacific railroad act tasked them to build a transcontinental railroad that would link the United States from coast to coast or east to west. It needed about 5,000 men to do this and since the chinese did the great wall of china why not make the Chinese to came to America and to build the railroad and ⅔ did. Over the next 7 years both companies would race toward each other, starting at Sacramento, California on one side and Omaha, Nebraska on the other.

An engineer by the name of Theodore Judah began looking for investors to help him begin building the railroad that would stretch all the way to the Pacific Ocean. After finding investors from Sacramento, California, he created the Central Pacific Railroad Company. After forming the company, Judah went to Washington in search of Congressional approval for the daunting task of building what is now known as the Transcontinental Railroad. He gets approval from not only Congress but also from President Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act, meaning the government would assist the Central Pacific Railroad Company on its building journey.

The major decline in railroad transportation during the 1950’s was primarily due to the vast construction of interstate highway by the government. The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 authorized the vast construction of 41,000 miles of roadway with a steep price of 25 billion dollars that would come from taxpayer money. With the increase in air and road travel, the need to travel by rail, in a less direct route, seemed unnecessary. This would ultimately leave railroad companies to believe traveling by rail was in a permanent decline. On February 18, 1947, the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) formally announced that they were operating at a loss.

3. Despite the initial sentiment of economic historians, the railroad was not an integral part of American economic development after 1860. Even though the railroads were not crucial to economic growth does not negate the fact that the railroads were the first big business in the United States. The railroads benefited from economies of scale, increases in technology and pro-railroad legislation. The miles of track line increased exponentially from 30,000 miles of main line track in 1860 to 254,037 miles by 1916.

The Oregon Trail Nebraska was the first state to join the Union after the Civil War. This state is mostly known for its cattle, corn, and unicameral legislature. However, Nebraska is also known for its historic trails, which in the early years were carved out by pioneers, explorers and gold seekers into the western frontier. The history of Nebraska during the 1800s is unique because of the Oregon Trail; Nebraska played an important role in the Oregon Trail. Some people thought it was preposterous to travel the Oregon Trail to move into an unknown country.

The Tremendous Impact of Railroads on America In the late 19th century, railroads propelled America into an era of unprecedented growth, prosperity, and convenient transportation. Prior to the building of the railroads, America lacked the proper and rapid transportation to make traveling across the country economical or practical. Lengthy travel was often cumbersome, costly, and dangerous.

In between California and the rest of the country were the Great Plains which were not heavily populated so there was no easy way of trade and transportation to the growing western territories. A group of men called the “Big Four” which consisted of Collis Huntington, Leland Stanford, Charles Crocker and Mark Hopkins, decided what the country needed was a transcontinental railroad. Their company, The Central Pacific Railroad company would hire 15,000 Chinese men to work on constructing the railroad due to the fact that they would work for less than the average American. This made transportation cheaper and quicker than ever

Before the 1800s, there were two early roads, Forbes and Wilderness Road. In 1811, the National Road known as Cumberland Road was built to reach Western settlements, because they needed a road to ship farm products that connect East and West. The National Road passed thousand of wagons and coaches. John F. Stover states in American Railroads, “The rich agricultural production of the country, the small but expanding factories of eastern cities, and the largely untapped natural resources of the nation-all of these called for improvements in transport. ”(Stover1)