Gerschenkron Economic Backwardness

With the policy of collectivization Ukrainians were virtually forced to give up essential necessities for the Empowerment of the Soviet Union resulting in Starvation of millions of Ukrainians. Stalin’s even used propaganda to falsify Ukrainians as happy servants to the Soviet Union but in reality their right and freedom were sacrificed and with the shortage of food coming into Ukraine it lead to starvation. Soviet Union rise in self-determination allowing them to become economic viable at the expenses of millions of

Industrialization started during the Gilded Age, the Gilded Age was a time of massive amounts of wealth for the politicians, they mostly were corrupt and ineffective, and many of these people were John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Henry Ford and many others. These people were called robber barons; they had lots of money by having too much control in the US. Rockefeller owned the Standard Oil Company; he had 90% control of the world. Andrew Carnegie in document 18-4 states, “The problem of our age is the proper administration of wealth…poor and restricted are our opportunities in this life.” Carnegie demonstrates that most of the people living in this age were having bad conditions of life.

The Industrial Revolution was a turning point for Western Europe. This revolution forever altered Western Europe and in turn Europe’s colonial subjects as well. The Revolution is responsible for the biggest successes and failures of Western Europe, as well as changing the technology, economics, politics, and society from what it was. The industrial revolution changed western Europe’s civilization in the terms of technology.

According to Indergraard (2007), industrialization is “the process by which an economy shifts from an agricultural to a manufacturing base during a period of sustained change and growth, eventually creating a higher standard of living”. Within sociology, the three founding fathers, particularly Karl Marx and Émile Durkheim, were interested in studying what the causes of industrialization and the consequences of it on the development of society. This essay will compare the ways in which Marx and Durkheim shared similar ideas about industrialisation within society as well as contrast the aspects of their theories which have different ideological roots and conclusions. The essay with then go on to conclude that whilst there were some key differences

This highlights the still present class system in Russia. Even though serfs had been freed they were still being treated as the lowest class, but in turn they were still free to vote and do everything any other free Russian citizen could do, in theory. Things were still unequal and life was hard for the serfs. Serfs who had recently been freed had no means for income and struggled to provide for their families. This arrangement worked in favor for the Russian government because the freed unemployed serfs would join the army and help Russia fight.

A Russian Serf was a peasant farmer who was “bound” by law to the land he was born. This is the land where they would work and that their masters owned. The practice of serfdom in Russia lasted for several hundred years before Alexander II issued a decree that emancipated serfs. Alexander II believed that “It is better to abolish serfdom

The late tsarist government was focused on industrialization and companies pushed for profits while disregarding their employees’ welfare. The government failed to coordinate the clashing interests of the state, workers, and businesses. This is shown by the frequent complaints and warnings about the mines’ conditions being ignored and regulations not being enforced. Soldiers killed unarmed workers in order to protect capital

In 1917, Tsar Nicholas ll is the current ruler of Russia. Russia’s economic growth is increased by the Czar’s reforms of the production of factories. During this era, Russia desperately needed to keep up with the rest of Europe’s industry. This reform worked perfectly, but the working conditions of these factories didn’t charm factory workers. After the events of the Russo-Japanese War, “Bloody Sunday”, and WW1, Russia was in utter chaos under the Czar’s ghastly leadership.

Along with that, England preceded in industrial progress because of the people and their interaction with England’s environment. England had an abundance of natural resource that provided fuel for inventions. Their position of having colonial and maritime power also increased their involvement

The Industrial Revolution implemented numerous opportunities to all. Originally, these uprising of events took place in the late 1700s regarding the country of England. As time passed, the term of commercial enterprise, Industrialization, spread throughout different regions and countries. Eventually these matters promoted higher standards for living conditions, which enacted more efficient exploitations to be taken place in that period of time. Industrialization is the conversion of rural ways, to advanced technicalities in manufacturing and other productive economic activities.

During the 1930s the Soviet Union went through several changes economically and socially. Some historians see what happened in the Soviet Union at this time as a Second Revolution. However, this is an understatement as the Soviet Union actually went through more than one revolution at this time. This period saw rapid political, social, industrial and agricultural change that shaped the future of the Soviet Union and arguably the 20th century as a whole. All four of these changes worked together to form a rapid socioeconomic revolution.

Instead of there being peasants or serfs, there was now the wage-labor force. This is what helped create the rise of the free-market and capitalism and the Bourgeois and the Proletariats. Now skilled labor became a commodity in the market place, and it suffered when the factory system arose. The Western Heritage states, “In the process of becoming wage laborers, artisans gradually lost both significant ownership of the means of production, such as tools and equipment, and of control over the conduct of their own trades.” Instead of the monarchy controlling businesses and the aristocrats, now the middle classes or those that could run factories controlled businesses and turned them into a big profit.

The Russian Revolution, which was started by Lenin and his followers, was a rebellion that occurred in 1917 which forced higher powers to act to the needs of the lower class. For instance, many citizens were worried for their protection in consequence to the lack of survival necessities due to an early drought. Furthermore, their current czar during the time was incapable for his position as a czar and made horrendous decisions as czar. For example, when the czar, Nicholas, entered in World War I, he sent untrained troops into countless battles of failure which costed in mass amounts of lost life (paragraph 23).

One of the developed countries is Germany. Germany is one of the most highly developed countries after USA, Japan, and China. The German economy focuses on industrially produced goods and services. In particular German mechanical engineering products, vehicles, and chemicals are highly valued internationally. Around one euro in four is earned from exports and more than every fifth job depends directly or indirectly on foreign trade.

A turning point in the spreading of the industrial revolution was in 18 when Boulton and Watts steam engines were being exported to France germany and other west european countries, engineers and scientists had previously traveled to britain to learn from the advancements there and try to implement them home with little success but after this point european countries were very keen by the rosect and marked the start of their own individual industrial revolution. The differences between britain and other countries where based on the location and access to natural resources, culture and society and a lot of other