Jean-Honore Fragonard

Meredith Liu Professor Ila Sheren TA: Heather Read (Section K) 28 April 2017 Paper #3 The Transformed Dream: Elusive Realities The most fascinating art is often the most perplexing. In the case of Giorgio de Chirico, his repressed consciousness manifests itself in the surreal concoction of oil paint on canvas known as The Transformed Dream. At first glance, the viewer might simply see an odd collection of objects composed into an oblong still life.

Art is not nearly as well rounded nowadays as it was in the renaissance. For example the Mona Lisa by Leonardo da vinci was an exceptional painting that had tons of detail such as the the ripples in her sleeves and the curls in her hair( doc. a). This painting shows that this was a happy point in time because she is smiling in the portrait(doc. a).

The art in the Renaissance had symbolic representation with detailed style and show the self-expression of the

Versailles and Forbidden City represent the difference of traditional cultures and art between the East and the West. Versailles has a elegant U-shaped main building in the center and a royal court with diverse plants. Inspired by the architecture of baroque Italian villas, but executed in the French classical style, the garden front and wings were encased in white cut ashlar stone that called enveloppe. The inner palace for royal family living is decorated with minors and luxurious lights. Sculptures and paintings are displayed in every corner.

King Louis XIV used the Baroque style to represent himself as an absolute monarch because the Baroque style makes it possible to portray oneself as mighty, glorious, and magnificent. The biggest way he used this style was in his estate, the palace at Versailles. The palace at Versailles was once a country estate, but over the course of many years, Louis transformed it into a magnificent palace, large enough to house all of the nobility as well as servants to attend to them. Not only was it a palace, but it also contained large forests and artificial lakes. The trees were rooted up and replanted in lines, and the gardens show a deliberate design as well.

He is also highly regarded for his “elevated landscape paintings” and for laying a “foundation for Impressionism.” For most of his later work he attempted to capture the spirit of expression

The portrait was painted on wood panel and in gothic like form. Nonetheless, this masterpiece is representation of time, the complexity of the painting and the

Key factors in the importance of Pre-Raphaelite painting was the emphasis on painting literary themes, involving romance, and developing psychological and social tension. Millais’ Isabella casts off the influence of William Etty, as well as the traditional composition, lighting, and detail of Victorian standards “Hunt, later repudiated the notion that the movement aimed at any kind of ‘revival’ of early Renaissance styles (Prettejohn 19).” The group focused on more significant subjects such as medieval tales, poetry, and religion, while emphasizing color and psychological stresses. The group individualized as they aged, with Rossetti concentrating more on mystical themes and individuality, and Hunt working towards realism, but with moralistic and modern themes. “In elevating color as a sensual element in painting these painters risked affronting those who associated color with what was disparaged as passionate, fleshy, and feminine in art - a lack of control and emotional excess in contrast to the disciplined rigor of sound draughtsmanship (Prettejohn 135).”

Eugene Jacques Bullard had several qualities that made him successful. One quality was that he was persistent. In his early life, he did whatever he could to get to France and the theme continued through his entire life. He spent a part of his childhood , “...working at odd jobs to stay alive...” (para. 4)

The Baroque period covers one hundred and fifty years from 1600 to 1750. Its characteristics tend to include, lavish, over the top, expensive and much more then necessary. The period is painted literally with architecture, paintings, clothing, food and much more that continuously begs people of today to ask ‘why?’. The use of frill and extravagance in art in this period has become less of a question of ‘why’ and more of a question ‘where is the extra?’, because this part in history is centered around adding extra ornamentation to everything. With such an over the top part in history, it would seem impossible to pick one piece that could embody every aspect of the Baroque Era but it is to be proven that one piece has such potential.

Annually, millions of people travel to northern France to view the grand and pompous Baroque style of the Palace of Versailles’s Hall of Mirrors. Built in 1698 during the reign of Louis XIV, the Palace of Versailles stood for over 100 years as “the primary residence of the kings of France and the seat of the government,” and in 1979, the Palace of Versailles and its gardens were decreed a World Heritage site by the UNESCO. An examination of the Palace’s Hall of Mirrors will reveal a dramatic use of light, symmetry, large-scale frescoes, a shell for painting, sculpture, and stucco, and an opulent use of rich color and accessories common to a French Baroque-style interior. Louis XII (r. 1610 - 1643) used the initial residence as a hunting lodge and retreat for his family, and in 1624, he commissioned Jacques Lemercier to build a chateau on the site, which remains as “the exterior façade overlooking the Marble Court.” From 1661 to 1710, Louis XIV oversaw the residential transformation of the majestic complex surrounded by gardens.

' 'work of art which did not begin In emotion is not art’’(Paul Cezanne).Every one of this world has been created uniquely. This is similar to the artist of the 19th century including Paul Cezanne(1839-1906) and Pierre Auguste Renoir(1842-1919).Both are from French. In addition Paul, Cezanne was a shy, rude and angry man. His new ideas and intense style of painting changed the history of art so, he is known as the father of modern art (Zurarakhinsky 2018)On the other hand, Pierre Auguste Renoir had a pleasant personality and he painted many paintings demonstrating joyful scenario(www.biography.com 2016).In spite of rheumatoid arthritis, he devoted himself in painting till the end of life(www.biography.com 2016)though they had committed their whole life to painting, their art movements,subject matter of painting and influences has seemed totally opposite to each other but still, both loved to paint portraits and nude women. One obvious difference is work movements.

The French Revolution began to abolish privileged, high class society as people rose up against the authority and monarchy in France. As a result of this political upheaval almost all of Europe was shaken by social changes, revolutions, and wars (“French Revolution”). Artists and artwork began to reflect this new sense of change and nationalism with a movement called Neoclassicism. Neoclassicism is characterized by strong drawing, rationality, and better moral ideology. Artists began to no longer show their brush strokes and paint more about nationalism and patriotism in society.

At the age of twenty-three Louis XIV of France declared his determination to be what he referred to as ‘real king’ – to become the sole and absolute ruler of France. To achieve this he invested himself in establishing a meticulous routine, but never did the king view his duties as a toil as his belief was that it was the primary duty of a royal prince to always present himself as noble and composed. Willing in his search for glorification, Louis spent his lifetime creating a magnificent and grand spectacle at the court of Versailles. The self-proclaimed ‘Roi du Soleil’ believed wholly in the theory of absolute monarchy and consciously spent his years embodying the spirit of the sun, and employing countless displays of spectacle which frequently

Art is an amazing form of expression that allows an artist to connect to people in a unique and interesting way. It has been around forever, and changes constantly along with history, and even scientific changes and discoveries. With these new scientific discoveries, it is very interesting to observe how artists feel about them, and how they relay them through their artwork. Renaissance, Baroque, and Rococo are three art styles, and within them, there is artwork that shows scientific changes from that time period.