Korematsu Case Law

According to the Supreme Court Record “Part Three of the Brief” it states, “There was ample ground to believe that imminent danger then existed of an attack by Japan upon the West Coast.” (206) This was mainly believed because the area had a large amount of war facilities and production which could have assisted in their belief of having the internment policy. Also, a factual claim that pro-internment advocates expressed was that through the “existence of media” Japan have attempted or had attempted to secure war aims. (206)

In By Order of the President, author Greg Robinson examines the controversial topic of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s decision to relocate more than 100,000 Japanese-American citizens into internment camps for the duration of World War Two using Executive Order 9066. Preceding studies have sought to explain Roosevelt’s decision as a sensible reaction to bureaucratic pressure from military and political leaders on the West Coast, who feared the control Japanese-Americans and pro-Japanese held. Despite the vast examination of the Japanese Internment dilemma, Robinson argues that scholars have not sufficiently examined Roosevelt’s role in creating and implementing the internment policy. Robinson argues that typical narratives tend to diminish

Korematsu appealed the decision to the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. A year later in 1943, the Court of Appeals upheld Korematsu’s conviction, ruling in favor of the United States. The case was then appealed once more to be heard by the U.S. Supreme

This, however, is not credible because many Japanese-Americans had lived in America for generations, considering America their true home. The fear in their race is no reason to support the Executive Order 9066. [CONCLUSION] The Japanese internment camps in the United States, caused by the President Roosevelt's Executive Order 9066, was not justified and never should have occurred. The citizens that were locked up in those camps, like women and children, posed no threat to the

While the order also interned 300 Italians and 5,000 German immigrants and naturalized citizens into internment camps, it had the most impact on the Japanese-Americans. By designating war zones from which anyone could be removed, Executive Order 9066 affected civil liberties in the United States. These US citizens never received any form of compensation for the mistreatment and harsh conditions they were obligated to withstand during their stay in these internment camps. Japanese-Americans were denied due process and the guarantee of life, liberty or property contained in the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. Executive Order 9066 called for taking Japanese-Americans from their homes and rehousing them to live in internment camps under curfew, with public property restrictions solely based on their ethnic background.

This executive order authorized the removal of all people of Japanese ancestry, both citizens and aliens, inland, and outside of the Pacific military zone. Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s objective of the 9066 executive order was to prevent espionage and to protect the Japanese American citizens, aliens, and United States citizens with Japanese descent from harm. The West Coast was the home to the majority of American with Japanese descent or citizenship was relocated to internment camps built by the United States military. The United States military and President Roosevelt claimed these camps were to save the lives of Japanese citizens from harm by placing them in internment camps scattered around the country, but it was because they believed the Japanese-Americans were spying on the United States government. Roosevelt strongly believed if they were not put into internment camps there would be another situation like Pearl

Similar to the implications of Executive Order 9066, Executive 9012 would drastically change the lives of Japanese Americans and the landscape of the United States. Firstly, the order contributed to the relocation process for Japanese Americans by applying new strategies to force them into internment camps Executive Order 9102 created the War Relocation Authority, which established the “orderly evacuation of designated persons living in the restricted military area” (Gallivan). In essence, it worked in concert with the previous executive order as a way to efficiently remove Japanese Americans from their current residences. The process of sending Japanese Americans to new War Relocation Authority camps was painful and arduous (Aitken). The burdensome removal process and the disruption of Japanese Americans’ lives ultimately contributed to the deleterious treatment towards Japanese

Japanese Internment Camps- Rough Draft A nice day, Feb 20, 1942 then out of nowhere 20,000 Japanese Americans kicked out of there homes into horror camps, Internment Camps. At the time Japanese Internment camps where a good idea.

Jayna Marie Lorenzo May 23, 2023 Historiography Paper Professor Kevin Murphy Historiography Final: Japanese Internment “A date which will live in infamy,” announced President Roosevelt during a press conference after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Due to the military threat by the Japanese on the West Coast, on February 19, 1942, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, ordering for the incarceration of all people of Japanese descent. The Order forced about 120,000 Japanese Americans into relocation centers across the United States where they remained in captivity until the war ended.

Due to the increasing fear of a Japanese attack on the West Coast, Lt. General John L. Dewitt recommended that all people of Japanese descent living in America be removed to the interior of the country. In the article “An American Tragedy: The Internment of Japanese-Americans During World War II” by Norman Y. Mineta, former US Secretary of Transportation, Dewitt backed up his suggestion with rumors that “ethnic Japanese on the West Coast were signaling Japanese ships out in the Pacific ocean” and they “had stockpiled numerous rounds of ammunition and weapons” (Mineta 161). In order to combat this threat in case of enemy invasion, the camps would detain the Japanese Americans so they cannot aid the enemy. The warped logic used to imprison 110,000 people purely based on ethnic background was convincing enough to the American people that they didn’t even question

“Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944), illuminates the difficulties for the Supreme Court of maintaining protection for individual liberties” (Takagi). The inability for Korematsu to protect his individual rights displays the the Supreme Court’s refusal to help Japanese

Many innocent Japanese American citizens were affected by Executive Order 9066. President Roosevelt ordered Executive Order 9066 out of desperation and fear. Every american citizen was on edge, and was scared after Pearl Harbor. Slowly, the fear and discrimination of Japanese Americans began. The mindset of the feared Americans was incorrect, but they saw no other option besides internment camps.

The internment of Japanese Americans during WWII was not justified. After Pearl Harbor, many Americans were scared of the Japanese Americans because they could sabotage the U.S. military. To try and solve the fear President Franklin D Roosevelt told the army in Executive order 9066 to relocate all Japanese Americans living on the West Coast. They were relocated to detention centers in the desert. Many of them were in the detention centers for three years.

Crystal City Alien Enemy Detention Facility in World War II—Crystal City, Texas The shock generated by the unprovoked attack by the Japanese on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 resulted in many decisions by American government officials that would have enduring consequences. That act was, of course, the catalyst that forced the United States to enter World War II. However, another decision made shortly following that attack resulted in the internment of thousands of Japanese Americans in Hawaii and the Western U.S.

In 1945, the High Court of Australia heard the case of Gratwick v Johnson and ultimately decided to dismiss the appeal in a unanimous decision by the Judges. While different reasoning was employed, all five judges drew the conclusion that the appeal should be dismissed as the statute the defendant was charged under was inconsistent with s.92 of the Australian Constitution. To provide some context for this case in 1944, Dulcie Johnson was charged with an offence against the National Security Act 1939-1943 in that she did contravene par.3 of the Restriction of Interstate Passenger Transport Order by travelling from South Australia to Western Australia by rail. In brief terms par.3 of the Restriction of Interstate Passenger Transport Order provided that no person shall, without a valid permit, travel from state to state or territory.