Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” and Bessie Head’s “Prisoner Who Wore Glasses” are two literary examples that represent society’s struggle with racial inequality through the decades. As in Georgia Douglas Johnson’s poem, the main characters both fight for respect and equality despite “[having] seen as others saw their bubbles burst in air, [and having] learned to live it down as though they did not care.” Although difficult to embrace, tension is many times an important catalyst of lasting change, as evidenced in Head’s fictional narrative and Dr. King’s letter. “Prisoner Who Wore Glasses” and “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” may not bear similar genres, but they do share some common themes. In “Letter from a Birmingham …show more content…
Dr. King was writing a non-fiction essay explicitly to clergymen, while Head wrote her novel as a fictional encounter to touch upon issues relevant to society and her life. It’s clear that Dr. King and Head wrote with different motivations. The prologue of “Prisoner Who Wore Glasses” claims “Bessie herself suffered emotionally because of her mixed racial identity…” (Head 169) and that “her years under apartheid, [were] the source of many of the emotional scars she wrestled with for much of her adult life” (Head 170). Head writes to air her feelings of inferiority and abuse based on her race, relating her work primarily to her own experience. Yet, Dr. King writes to justify his methods behind the burgeoning civil rights movement. First and foremost, he fiercely defends the non-violent direct-action campaigns he’s inspired, but he also delves into the why the fight for racial equality is a timely and personal one. Not only does he mention personal experiences, “when you have to concoct an answer for a five-year-old son who is asking: ‘Daddy, why do white people treat colored people so mean?’” (King paragraph 14) but also talks about tragedies that have happened to others, such as “when you [see] vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim” (King paragraph 14). King’s letter is intended to rally people of all races toward his cause, while Head seems to have a more resigned position, accepting her fate and simply relieving herself of her sorrows through her writing. Another interesting topic that the two pieces seem to diverge on is the idea of “self-purification” (King paragraph 6). Dr. King makes that claim that self-purification is an essential component of forming a non-violent direct-action campaign, sharing that “we decided to undertake a process of self-purification… we began a
In King’s response to the clergymen’s claim he shows that segregation and racism do not only affect the adults but the kids also as his five-year-old son asks him “Daddy, why do white people treat colored people so mean?”(6) The question ask by his five-year-old son is uncomfortable because it shows how the kids pay attention to the way they are treated at such a young age, In fact, King describes the questions asked by his five-year old son as “agonizing pathos”(6), that shows that waiting too long for justice can alter the minds of the young and cause them to develop a sense of bitterness toward white people. As Dr.King and his people fight for their rights they wonder how much mental distress and humiliation they would have to go through before justice is served, the discomfort that the colored people are experiencing comes from wondering how much more longer would they have to wait until their justice is served. Dr.King using his kids as a reference shows how the discomfort experienced at such a young age can change the mentality of the
We live in a world with currently many conflicts from the racial disparity in high incarceration rates to gun violence and the war over gun rights. In his letter, King describes that Black Americans have no identity and that the oppressed cannot remain oppressed forever. King implies that they cannot be told to “wait for justice” because if they simply
While in solitary confinement for nearly 8 days, reverend and social justice activist, Martin Luther King Jr., wrote his famous Letter from Birmingham Jail in response to the criticism he received for his non-violent protests. Several clergy who negatively critiqued King’s approach of seeking justice, wrote A Call for Unity, arguing that his protests were senseless and improper. Within the article, the clergymen provide nine different critiques that asserted how King’s protest are invalid, uneffective, and simply unintelligent in the fight for obtaining justice and equity for individuals of color. His letter has become one of the most profound pieces of literature of the 20th century, as King uses vivid examples and eloquent rhetorical devices to counter all nine arguments.
In “A Letter From A Birmingham Jail” Martin Luther King Jr defends his use of nonviolent protest in order to accomplish racial equality. In the letter, Dr. King uses ethos, diction, and allusions when defending nonviolent protest which makes his argument really strong. His goal is to make the clergymen help him fight racial equality. He uses ethos to build up credibility.
MLK’s ultimate claim is that the church is to blame for these happenings and “the judgement of God is upon the Church as never before”(276). King stated how even the people who were in the church trying to fight for justice had been looked down upon and some had been kicked out of their own churches. King’s claims were passionately presented. He relentlessly provided evidence to prove his position on the issue of injustice and also showed ample amounts of examples to solve these problems.
Although a century apart, Martin Luther King Jr’s Letter from Birmingham Jail and Frederick Douglass’s What to a Slave is the fourth of July are kindred spirits. Notwithstanding the many differences in their respective writing styles, deep down the essence of the message conveyed is still very much the same. Both Martin Luther King Junior and Frederick Douglas had similar beliefs and concepts related to the treatment of the African American community. They both describe a tough yet heart breaking situation that makes them question their moral values and doubt the system and its ability to change for better.
In Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Letter From Birmingham Jail” and “I Have a Dream” speech he uses many different rhetorical devices. He uses rhetorical devices such as repetition, analogy, and rhetorical questions. In each writing, he uses the devices for many different purposes. These purposes can be similar, or different. In short, Martin Luther King Jr. includes rhetorical devices in his writing.
When speaking of the unjust happening, he expresses, “We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their self-hood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating: ‘For Whites Only’”. (pg 2) King brings to light the extent of racism they experience and uses children to touch people in a different way. This treatment towards African Americans goes beyond what is shown. Additionally, when speaking of life as a black individual, King states, “We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highway.” (pg2)
Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the most influential leaders of his time and played a crucial role in the African-American Civil Rights movement. Luther was a charismatic leader who took a firm stand against the oppressive and racist regime of the United States (US), devoting much of his life towards uniting the segregated African-American community of the US. His efforts to consolidate and harmonise the US into one country for all is reflected in many of his writings and speeches spanning his career. As a leader of his people, King took the stand to take radical measures to overcome the false promises of the sovereign government that had been addressing the issues of racial segregation through unimplemented transparent laws that did nothing to change the grim realities of the society. Hence, King’s works always had the recurring theme of the unity and strength of combined willpower.
Dr. King’s campaign was a non-violent movement on his part even though his adversary’s acts were not. His persistence, and peace marches along with his inspiring speeches, ultimately produced an awareness that although still not perfect continues on today. Unfortunately, Dr. King was murdered because someone else could not practice a “mean” of their
Dr. King also included definitions and examples of unjust and just laws, and how they are not right. He included an example of these “laws” by talking about the things Adolf Hitler did was allowed but supposedly helping someone was not allowed. He writes and uses the letter to show the white Americans that are unaware of what is happening around them. Even, though Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is best remembered for his powerful voice and pathos in this letter is a thoughtful logical argument. Rhetorical Situations: Writer:
Racism and racial inequality was extremely prevalent in America during the 1950’s and 1960’s. James Baldwin shows how racism can poison and make a person bitter in his essay “Notes of a Native Son”. Dr. Martin Luther King’s “A Letter from Birmingham Jail” also exposes the negative effects of racism, but he also writes about how to combat racism. Both texts show that the violence and hatred caused from racism form a cycle that never ends because hatred and violence keeps being fed into it. The actions of the characters in “Notes of a Native Son” can be explain by “A Letter from Birmingham Jail”, and when the two texts are paired together the racism that is shown in James Baldwin’s essay can be solved by the plan Dr. King proposes in his
Because of his skill in creating such pieces of writing, as well as his influential role within the Civil Rights Movement, and the reminder that Letter from Birmingham Jail provides of these trying times, his letter should continue to be included within A World of Ideas. Persuasion within writing is an important tool to be utilized in order to garner support for one’s position. During the 1960s, equality between different races was a very controversial issue which required a certain finesse when being discussed. Martin Luther King demonstrated precisely this sort of finesse when writing about the racial injustices faced by black Americans, as well as when refuting the criticisms he faced from white clergymen.
King is able to provide his audience with a proper vision of the intensity involving racial segregation through the experiences of African-Americans nationwide. He goes on to use a testimony from a young child in order to impact his readers. Kings describes, “when you have to concoct an answer for a five-year-old son who is asking, ‘Daddy, why do white people treat colored people so mean?’” (803). Through these depictions, King attempts to gain sympathy from his audience.
In the memoir “Letter from Birmingham,” by Martin Luther King Junior, he vilifies white oppressors who abuse African-Americans and the government who authorizes the maltreatment. Dr. King Jr. uses factual arguments as an effective appeal to the public’s conscience, a plea to fight against racism and injustice, and a punishment to those complacent people who simply watch and do nothing to help. He vocalizes the undeserved punishment African-Americans who live in the south are given, physical and mental, and emphasizes the unfairness to pull at the reader’s heartstrings and make the complacent regret not doing anything to prevent the cruel injustice. African-Americans have been unreasonably hurt for generations without sympathy or vengeance.