Limiting Reagents Lab Report

The Jones test was performed using cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone as controls, and testing the starting material, 2-methylcyclohexanone, and the product. The product yielded a positive result, indicating the presence of an alcohol functional group. Brady’s test was also run and the product yielded a negative result, indicating there was no ketone present. These tests together indicate that the starting material fully reacted to form the product because the starting material had a ketone and the product did not have the ketone but rather had an alcohol. The gas chromatogram of the product was analyzed and had two peaks, the first at retention time 26.2 min and A of 125.33, with a concentration of 120.69, the second at retention time 27.2 min and A of 496.33, with a concentration of

The presence of excess acetic acid caused the reaction to shift toward the opposite side of the reaction. This resulted in the production of isopentyl acetate being favored, which allowed

2. You have been asked to set up a dilution series, and then use spread plates to determine the viable cell count. Why is it necessary to use a dilution series when isolating bacteria from a biological sample using spread plating? [5 MARKS] It is vital to use a dilution series to reduce the concentration of the original biological sample so it is easier to count the number of isolated colonies which are present on the spread plate.

However, after refluxing for a while, yellow precipitates begin to form near the top of the flask. It was assumed that the remaining starting material was concentrated from a decrease volume to reappeared in solution. Nevertheless, this may have been a sign of contamination that will negatively affect the entire reaction. This observation later resulted in a yellowish

1. The first step of my calculations was finding the number of moles of CaCl2 and NaOH added in each test. The volume of CaCl2 is an increasing number with a concentration of 1.0M. The volume of NaOH is constant for all four tests, but the concentration is 2.4588M. To find the number of moles of each reactant added, volume in liters was multiplied by the molarity (concentration). 2.

By varying the concentrations of reactants in the iodination of acetone it was determined that the reaction is first order with respect to both acetone and hydrochloric acid concentration and zero order with respect to iodine concentration. The error in all parts of this experiment is relatively small. This reaction is fast enough to be performed in a reasonable amount of time, but not so fast that it is difficult to duplicate this

Cross Condensation of aldol 2015007632 Dowrie, K Contents Reaction 1 Introduction 1 Experiment Procedure 2 Experimental results 3 Table of calculations 3 Calculations 3 NMR 4 TLC 4 References 5 Reaction Introduction An aldehyde reaction is when aldehydes and keytones, both containing an α-hydrogen in the presence of an alkali group condenses and forms an enone. Acetone has α-hydrogens on each side. The proton can be removed and therefore giving a nucleophile anion. The aldehyde carbonyl is more reactive than the keytone and so it reacts rapidly with the anion.

Some factors that could have affected the experiments end result could have been through measuring the all the reactants and equipment their might have been an error somewhere there. Another factor that could have been is that the vinegar was a lower concentrated acetic acid and could have other components in it as well which could have ruined the end measurement of the final product by getting a heavier measurement that actually

Experiment 2 Report Scaffold (Substitution Reactions, Purification, and Identification) Purpose/Introduction 1. A Sn2 reaction was conducted; this involved benzyl bromide, sodium hydroxide, an unknown compound and ethanol through reflux technique, mel-temp recordings, recrystallization, and analysis of TLC plates. 2. There was one unknown compound in the reaction that was later discovered after a series of techniques described above.

The percent yield was 22.33%. In most cases, that means that a lot of possible product was lost. However, in this case, that was not true. When Benzaldehyde reacted with the Wittig reagent, it produced two products: E-Stilbene and Z-Stilbene. The Z product was a liquid, while the E product was a solid.

The actual data is the result on our experiment vs theoretical, which is based on the calculations above. I have also learned to pay more attention to draining out all of the product completely before continuing to test the experiment, as any small drop of contaminant can veer our results into a different

The objective of this experiment was the synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate using an esterification reaction between acetic acid and Isopentyl Alcohol, using a strong acid as a catalyst. The product was washed, and distilled. This approach is called Fisher esterification, whereby esters are produced by refluxing a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of a concentrated acid catalyst. The ester produced had a banana smell odor. The extraction of the crude product was conducted using sodium bicarbonate followed by distillation.

1. Introduction In the development of agriculture, pesticides are very important due the plant protection that they provide which in result boosts food production. We humans get exposed to these pesticides through the air, water, soil and even our food that we eat today.

Experiment 10: Fischer Esterification Discussion In this experiment, a Fischer esterification reaction was performed in order to create methyl benzoate from benzoic acid and methanol. Then, a GC was performed to confirm that methyl benzoate had indeed been formed. An ester is an often sweet smelling organic compound which contains a carbonyl carbon bonded to an oxygen connected to another hydrocarbon. Esterification is the process by which esters are synthesized from an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

Introduction Buffer is a solution that resists a change in pH when bases or acid are added. Solutions that are acidic contain high concentrations of hydrogen ions (H+) and have pH values less than seven. Buffer usually consist of a weak acid, and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. The function of buffer is to resist the changes in hydrogen ion concentration as a result of internal and environmental factor. This buffer experiment is important so that we relies the important of buffer in our life.