CHAPTER 2 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Introduction The inclusion of students who are deaf refers to their being educated within a classroom of students with normal hearing. This concept of inclusion differs from mainstreaming in that the latter may refer to a variety of degrees of contact with hearing students, while in inclusion a deaf student is placed in a classroom with hearing students. Before 1975, although attempts were made to educate students who were deaf in regular schools, about 80% of students who were deaf in Zimbabwe were being served in special schools (Cohen, 1995). Education for all called for the education of all children appropriately in the ''least restrictive environment''. Although the law resulted in some students …show more content…
According to UNESCO, inclusive education is a process of addressing and responding to the diverse needs of all children by increasing participation in learning and reducing exclusion within and from education (Nguyet and Ha 2010). Inclusive education is a process of increasing the presence, participation and achievement of all learners (Booth and Ainscow 2002). The process involves mainstreaming children with special educational needs into regular classroom settings, allowing them to learn side by side with their peers without disabilities. Inclusive education implies that children with special educational needs have to attend mainstream schools they would have attended if they did not have a disability. Mainstreaming children with special needs education has a positive impact on both social and academic learning for children with and without special needs (Farrell 2000). Bunch (2008) views the inclusive education philosophy as socially just and more effective in both academic and social spheres. Worldwide, the educational authorities have adopted the principle of inclusion to address the social and moral obligation to educate all learners (Forbes …show more content…
It is a symbol of respect for all of humanity. It can be argued that inclusive education is about social justice and equity and takes into account learner’s abilities, potential and diverse needs. The learner does not have to adapt to the social system. The school or the education system has to change in order to meet the learning needs of all children in a given community (Kisanji 1999; Armstrong 2005). In other words, inclusion involves restructuring the cultures, policies and practices in schools so that they respond to the diversity of students in their locality (Booth and Ainscow 2002). The guiding principle in inclusive education is that all learners have a right to learn in mainstream schools. Zimbabwe is a signatory to the Salamanca statement and framework for action on special needs education and other inclusive education related international charters and conversions (Mpofu 2007; Musengi 2010; Chireshe 2011). Although Zimbabwe does not have an inclusive education specific policy, it has inclusive education related policies like the Education Act of 1996 and the Zimbabwe Disabled Persons Act of 1996 which advocates for non-discrimination of people with disabilities in Zimbabwe
It doesn’t require any special measures to change them. The Journey into the Deaf- World offers a comprehensive absorbing study into the Deaf- World. The first two chapters brought insight into the Deaf culture, as well as benefits and struggles the Deaf face. The first chapter was an introduction into the Deaf World, showing the Deaf’s experiences
Annotated Bibliography: Deafness/Disability - problematising notions of identity, culture and structure In the essay, “Deafness/Disability - problematising notions of identity, culture and structure, Mairian Corker focuses on the tension between Deaf and disabled people. As Corker analyzes the division between Deaf and disabled people she reflects on Margaret Archer’s views. Corker explains that Margaret Archer viewed “ the structural (‘parts’) and cultural (‘people’) domains are substantively different, as well as being relatively autonomous from each other” (Corker 2002). Throughout her essay Corker talks about the different theories in Deaf studies and disability studies to explain the same issues.
The video Sound of Fury as well as the book both cover a wide range of what deafness is. The video showcases different individuals who have been apart of the Deaf community taking differing paths. The book covers the overall picture and important terminology surrounding deafness. The book both cover the difficulties and controversies surrounding cochlear implants, the importance of Deaf culture to Deaf individuals, and overall academic achievement. The book and the video look at these topics through sharing of personal experience and research.
What is inclusive pedagogy you make ask and how will this become possible? Great questions! Continue reading and see the effective explanations I have in expounding on my philosophy. Inclusive Pedagogy is a term used to describe an emerging body of literature that advocates teaching practices that embrace the whole student in the learning process (Tuitt, 2001, p. 243). Unlike the traditional strategies such as chalk- and- talk and the whole banking system which deprive students of being whole intellectual beings.
Due to most Deaf individuals being born to hearing parents (90%), they need a place of belonging. Within the Deaf community, Deaf individuals usually attend school together, work together, and also marry (85-90%) within their community (Baker and Padden 4). When it comes to extra curricular activities such as special olympics and tournaments, Deaf individuals are always “drawn together” (Baker and Padden
Introduction and Outline This essay’s purpose is to highlight how school curriculum is altered in order to include a student with additional learning needs. Every student is unique and for that reason a teacher must differentiate the curriculum to suit the needs of student with a specific learning difficulty. Dyslexia is the learning difficulty which will be examined theoretically and methodically in this essay. This essay will examine the different learning theories of how to engage a child with dyslexia in the classroom.
Bates focused on the primary and secondary systems and found there an emphasis on redistributive and on recognitive approaches to social justice in educational administration. There are diverse interpretations of the term social justice in the context of education. Frequently, social inclusion is also discussed in the education context when we discuss social justice. O‘Connor and Moodie, examined the concept of social inclusion‘ and its importance in relation to the higher education sector where social inclusion implies the inclusion of an individual, group or community in society in general and higher education in particular.(O‘Connor and Moodie,
Inclusion is one of the extremely disputable points concerning the training of students in today's general public. It is the push to put youngsters with inabilities into the general instruction classes. The primary reason for existing is to guarantee that each individual gets the most ideal placing so as to train them in the most ideal learning environment. Incorporation is an extremely gainful thought, bolstered by law that advances a balanced instruction while additionally showing acknowledgment of others. Inclusion has adjusted to allude to the incorporation of disabled students when all is said in done training classes, however there are numerous different approaches to allude to incorporation.
In any setting, inclusion is all about allowing people to participate in different activities in the system regardless of their background or even the situation which they are in. • All the people should be included in all activities in order to make them feel involved in all activities. • Inclusion is not just about viewing different people as one but more about giving different people equal opportunities in school and enabling them to access quality education like any other person in an education setting. This is thus, an environment in which everyone is recognized in their efforts. • They should also be accepted and any difference or similarity between the people should be celebrated by all the people in the system.
The failure to implement full inclusion appropriately has numerous detrimental effects on the parties involved. One disadvantage for full inclusion is that the socialization part precedes the academic component, notwithstanding the fact that it should not be the primary goal of education. Inclusion movements aim to make disabled students look normal, overlooking the issue of whether they are undertaking educational programs or not. This can have a negative effect on the academic progress of students with disabilities because important skills are not taught for the sake of the learner making physical presence in a full inclusion classroom. Fox (2013) claims that there is a need for disabled students to reap maximum benefits from this integration.
Some of the most striking features of inclusive education are the challenges that children and teachers may confront. First at all, it was considered as a challenge the large class sizes, because, in some countries there are more than one hundred children in a class, as a consequence the negative among teachers may affect the teaching methods. Secondly, the inaccessibility to attend school is being also part of the challenges of this type of education; one instance could be that there are many children who must walk long distances to appear at school, because there exists a lack of transportation, poor quality roads, and economic aspects associated to families. After that, most of the children are suffering the challenges of inclusive education because of the inadequate infrastructure at schools, such as the lack of access to toilets and the non-implementation of ramps. The last but not the least challenge belongs to the fact that community and religion are not considering disabled children as they should, in other words, both social organizations are unaware of the necessities and potentialities of those disabled
Henry Ford once said, “Coming together is a beginning; keeping together is progress. Working together is success” (Brainy Quote). From here, the concept of inclusive education, including students with and without learning disabilities as peers in the same classroom, originated. The aim of this type of education is to get students with learning disabilities involved in the society. Teachers and fellow students will also provide help for students with disabilities; in this way, students with learning disabilities will be motivated to study as they feel that they are a part of a group instead of being isolated in special places.
According to an article “The Effect Inclusive Education Practice during Preschool Has on the Peer Relations and Social Skills of 5-6-Year Olds with Typical Development”, authors Hulya Gulay Ogelman and Zarife Secer (2012) state their purpose is “to set forth the effect preschool inclusive education practices have on the peer relations of 5-6 year olds with typical development” (p. 169). The Ogelman and Secer’s hypothesis of this article is if the inclusive education affects students with special educational needs, then it improves students with special educational needs’ social skills and peer relationships. Inclusive education is to help students with special educational needs and students with typical developments to improve their social skills and reduce their problem behaviors. Special educational needs are students who have learning disabilities that need a special help.
Hearing impairment (HI) is a serious issue in childhood development that may adversely affect a child’s academic performance as well as communication and social skills in life. The purpose of this research is to find out the most effective ways in classroom management for HI students to lead them to achieve their maximum potential in life. This paper will look at some behavioral problems among HI students as well as the challenges the teachers encounter in a classroom along with helpful management guidelines from professional educators. This paper will also tackle on some useful ideas on classroom accommodations and adaptation. Today, technology successfully improved learning experience for special education, especially for HI students who
The 1992 republican constitution of Ghana became the main legislative instrument that paved the way for the promotion of inclusive education. Article 25(a) of the constitution states: ‘All persons shall have the right to equal educational opportunities and facilities and with the view to achieving the full realization of this right, basic education shall be free, compulsory and available’ (Republic of Ghana, 1992). Other provisions included The Children’s Act (560) of 1998, the Disability Act (715), (2006) and The Education Act (788),