CHAPTER TWO LITERITURE RIVIEW 2.1.1 SPINAL CORD INJURY Spinal cord injury is a low incidence and high cost disabilities that require individuals to make extraordinary changes in their lifestyles. SCI is associated with permanent physical disabilities and eventually decreased in life expectancy among this population. Besides this injury cause burden to the patients as well as their family in term of socioeconomic, psychological and physical burden (Ibrahim et al., 2013). Spinal cord injury can cause a partial and total loss of voluntary motor function and sensation at or below the injured site (Dubras, 2001). DiPiro (2015) defines spinal cord injury (SCI) results in chronic sensory and motor deficits below the level of injury and related to …show more content…
Rimmer, Rubin, Braddock, (2000), stated that exercise not only will enhance quality of life among this population, but it also will decline the health care expenditure. DiPiro (2015), concluded that SCI patients that engage in physical activity and exercise will get their benefits included enhance physical function, improve self esteem, prolonged life expectancy and improve quality of life. Improvement in functional capacity, mineral bone density, endurance and muscle strength, pain and reduce stress (Scelza, Kalpakjian, Zemper, & Tate, 2005). This opinion is consistent with Roberton, Bucks, Skinner, Allison, & Dunlop (2011) claims that physical activity contributes to improve in physical capacity among this population. Regular physical activity following SCI will decline the risk of cardiovascular events, type 2 diabetes, increase muscle strength in preserve muscle, improves cardiovascular endurance as well as pulmonary function, (Roberton, Bucks, Skinner, Allison, & Dunlop, 2011). Gorgey As. (2014), reported physical activities and exercise as well as rehabilitation strategies will reduce level of physical inactivity or sedentary lifestyle and eventually increase lifespan among this population. 30 to 60 minutes for twice a week aerobic exercise or strengthening exercise is necessary to achieve desirable cardiovascular and improvement in muscular fitness. In addition, inclination in glucose or lipid profile is the result that SCI patients can get from participate in upper extremity training. In short, physical activity give numerous benefits to SCI patients includes improves strength and cardiovascular fitness, improves blood circulation, decline the risk of
Nancy Mairs, “On Being a Cripple” was an interesting article. The word choices she has used plays an important role in her article. Her article is very detailed oriented and used different examples to explain her situation about being a cripple. Mairs had no excuse about her situation even after she was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis and she continues to be the best at her job of parenting and wife. She had really emphasized her struggles that she went through and how she had coped with the fact that her life will never be the same.
Imagine being a competitive athlete that can do almost anything and in a matter of seconds never being able to hug love ones or do the simple everyday tasks many take for granted. That’s how life is when a person is diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) it’s a fatal disease that causes a person to lose complete control of their body and constantly need assistance. Having ALS also means having to watch the body deteriorate when the mind is perfectly aware of its own demise. Being diagnosed with Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive degenerative disease caused by multiple severe concussions to the head.
Instrumental activity of daily living (IADLS) that affected are driving and community mobility, meal preparation and care of others may also be affected. Rest and sleep may also be affected if the client is in pain and their limited mobility keeps them from become comfortable enough for sleep. Education, work, play, leisure, as well as social participation will be affected by the prosthetic (AOTA,
The word “lateral” refers to the area where the nerve cells are in the spinal cord. As this area is affected by ALS it creates scarring or hardening which is that last part of the name “sclerosis” (What Is ALS?). The symptoms of ALS include the muscles to not operate correctly in the legs, arms, face, and tongue. Eventually, a person with ALS can lose the ability to breathe too, but recent technologies have made a tubing system to allow you to breathe. ALS is all physically affected, not logical thought.
The individual may need support or assistance with weakness from limbs and walking, sitting, transferring, washing and bathing. They may need a wheelchair for a period of time or for the foreseeable future. They may acquire speech and communication difficulties. The individual may find it difficult to express themselves through facial expressions and body language. Although some people may acquire rehabilitation and physio treatment and make a full recovery or have physical effects that many individuals will not be able to recognise or know
Theses effects involve many things from eating to sleeping. One of the problems that scares people the most is loss of sensation/numbness. Lots of people have been reported to not be able to move or feel their legs under themselves (“Neurological”). More symptoms have been named, like losing the sense of smell. To this day, there are still athletes suffering from these things.
Incorporating Theory Nursing theories affect our day to day nursing practice. Nursing theory is defined as “ a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions or propositions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project a purposive, systematic view of phenomena by designing specific inter-relationships among concepts for the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and /or prescribing” (Nursing Theories, 2012, p.1). Most nurses use theories by choosing one theory exclusively because it helps to focus on one and employ good nursing care to the patients. This paper will focus on one theory that fits the topic of choice which is the physical activity in patients with or without Alzheimer`s helps
Important teaching is letting the patient know the sign and symptom of nerve damage. Pain and numbness, muscle problem, body organ problems are some of the symptom of nerve damage. Pain and numbness-early sign is tingling or burning Muscles problem- it becomes difficult to control muscles and causes muscle weakness.
Young & Stewart (2006) also note that this population is among the least physically active subgroups in the United States. King, Castro,Wilcox, Eyler, Sallis & Brownson (2000) stated “prevalence of regular physical activity in this country is low among women, particularly those who are older and from ethnic minority groups.” If physical activity is not prevalent among this population than risks to chronic conditions can
GRAUDATUED EXERCISE The next rehabilitation phase is graduated exercise and is utilized in order to ensure activity progress and exercise intensity will progress with healing the injured body part and not causing any further injury. In this step the range of motion, intensity of exercise are increased gradually in order to ensure the safe rehabilitation of the individual in a pain free manner. In this stage there are 3 steps, stretching, conditioning and total body fitness. STRECTHING
It only takes one small mistake to crash and get injured. The most severe injuries that can occur while participating in motocross damage the nervous system which includes the brain, vertebral column and spinal cord. 11% of severe motorcycle injuries are spinal cord injuries and 27% are cervical spine injuries. 60% of vertebral injuries resulting in death are cervical injuries, besides head and chest injuries cervical spine injuries result in the most fatalities in motorcycle accidents. These injuries can be devastating and life changing in all aspects.
The spinal cord is a very important part of our central nervous system. The overall system that controls the coordinate activities of our bodies. Our brain is surrounded by the skull, while our spinal cord is surrounded by rings of bone, called the vertebrate and both of them are covered by a protective membrane. Together the vertebrate, and membrane make up the spinal column or back bones. The back bone which protects our spinal cord, starts at the base of the skull, and it starts from just above the hip.
As you know, exercise is very important for your physical health. Exercising regularly helps keep your heart healthy, lowers your risk for type 2 diabetes as well as some cancers, and helps you get stronger muscles and bones. This is common knowledge for most people, but what if I told you that exercise has even more benefits that aren’t just physical? Today I will be informing you about the benefits of exercise on your mental health, resiliency and academic performance.
INTRODUCTION: Attention Step: According to the article “Exercise Makes You Younger,” “Research shows that physical inactivity can cause premature death as well as chronic disease and disability" (54). Establish Need/Relevance: Nowadays technology and busy work schedules have prevented many people from including exercise into their daily activities. Many people think that it is too time consuming and rather not work
Everyone likes to stay fit and healthy, but not everyone is. Staying healthy is important to ensure a happy life without worries about the health as it helps the human steers clear of diseases. Additionally, at these times, high proportions of people are suffering from obesity, which is being overweight and unhealthy. To be healthy, it is necessary to know how to, so there are three main tips that people have to follow in order to stay healthy.