Lycopene Lab Report

Name: Avishak Deb Roy Partners: Leevell Penn, Varugh, Butler Bio 101 Lab Report #1 02.22.2018 Swimming speed of paramecium tetraurelia in different levels of treatment. Introduction Paramecia is a unicellular Protista which are naturally found in aquatic habitats. It is easily cultured in the laboratory. It is oblong shaped and covered with short hairy structure called cilia. Paramecia does not pose any health or ethical concerns and the population can be maintained if there is a food source such as Enterobacter (Biological Foundation 7).

The lab started off by measuring critical materials for the lab: the mass of an an empty 100 mL beaker, mass of beaker and copper chloride together(52.30 g), and the mass of three iron nails(2.73 g). The goal of this experiment is to determine the number of moles of copper and iron that would be produced in the reaction of iron and copper(II) chloride, the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and the percent yield of copper produced. 2.00 grams of copper(II) chloride was added in the beaker to mix with 15 mL of distilled water. Then, three dry nails are placed in the copper(II) chloride solution for approximately 25 minutes. The three nails have to be scraped clean by sandpaper to make the surface of the nail shiny; if the nails are not clean, then some unknown substances might accidentally mix into the reaction and cause variations of the result.

Genetic engineering is changing the DNA code to express different traits. A plasmid is a circular piece of DNA that contains important genetic information. Recombinant DNA is the product after inserting your desired genes. The genes we hoped to insert in the pGLO lab were the GFP gene and the ampicillin resistance gene. GFP was needed so that we would tell if the ampicillin resistance gene had been properly placed when the bacteria glowed under a UV light.

n this lab, there were four objectives needed to be met. The first one was to perform a genetic transformation procedure, the second was to move genes from one organism to another using a plasmid as a vector, and the third was to manipulate tools of biotechnology. The bacteria E. coli was used to manipulate and transform. The E. coli would be tested for ampicillin resistance and a green fluorescent glow. One hypothesis made for this lab was that the bacteria that developed a resistance to ampicillin would reproduce even in the presence of the ampicillin.

The purpose of this experiment was to see what the effects of light and dark would have on photosynthesis and cellular respiration. With the knowledge gained in class about how both the reactions took place. It was predicted that the absence of light would slow down photosynthesis causing less O2 to be released in the water. It was also predicted that the beaker with the fish in the water would yield a higher concentration of CO2 in the water. These predictions were made based on the fact that plants use the energy from light in photosynthesis to split H2O creating an oxygen by product.

Tn 4351 was originally isolated from bacteroides fragilis [30] . The transposon was successfully introduced into Cytophaga succinicans, Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Flexibacter canadiansis, Flexibacter strain SFI and Sporocytophaga myxococcoides by conjugation [25]. Tn 4351carries two antibiotic resistance gene. One of the codes for resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin which is expressed in bactroides but not in E.Coli. The other gene codes for resistance in tetracycline and is expressed in aerobically grpwn E. coli, but not in anaerobically grpwn E. coli or in bacteroides.

The acids found in grapes are tartaric, malic and low level of citric, ascorbic and acetic. These are called ‘organic acids’ because they contain carbon atoms. Many other organic acids, including amino acids, are also found in juice and wines, but tartaric and malic acid account for over 90% of the total acids present. During the early period of berry growth, concentration of both acids increases in the fruit. With the onset of ripening, as the sugar accumulates in the fruit, the acid concentration decreases.

In this experiment, antioxidants and vitamins were involved. Antioxidants are molecules which can safely interact with free radicals and terminate the chain reaction before vital molecules are damaged. Although there are several enzyme systems within the body that scavenge free radicals, the principle micronutrient (vitamin) antioxidants are vitamin E, beta-carotene, and vitamin C. Additionally, selenium, a trace metal that is required for proper function of one of the body 's antioxidant enzyme systems, is sometimes included in this category. The body cannot manufacture these micronutrients so they must be supplied in the diet. Free radicals are atoms or groups of atoms with an odd (unpaired) number of electrons and can be formed when oxygen

Celery is a miraculous vegetable with very low energy levels. Protein has in modest quantities while leaves have 8-10 amino acids. The content of vitamins and minerals is higher in the leaves than in the roots. The calorific value of the celery is 16 kcal / 100 gr, and in that the quantity of celery contains: Vitamin K 36.9%, 9% vitamin A, vitamin C 5.2%.

INTRODUCTION A gas chromatograph (GC) can be utilized to analyze the contents of a sample quantitatively or in certain circumstances also qualitatively. In the case of preparative chromatography, a pure compound can be extracted from a mixture. The principle of gas chromatography can be explained as following: A micro syringe is used to inject a known volume of vaporous or liquid analyte into the head or entrance of a column whereby a stream of an inert gas acts a carrier (mobile phase). The column acts as a separator of individual or chemically similar components.

CLAIRE MUNTING 29/01/2018 Criterion C EFFECTS OF SURFACE AREA OF CALCIUM CARBONATE UPON RATE OF REACTION Calcium Carbonate Chips 1 Introduction: Within the current investigation, the effects of the surface area of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) in combination with Hydrochloric acid (HCl) upon its rate of reaction. CaCO3, commonly referred to as limestone, is an organic substance and is, in a sense, the crystallised “carbonic salt” of the element, calcium2. In addition to being a salt, the pH level of Calcium Carbonate is 9.91, and it is therefore, a basic substance, due to the fact that it is comprised of a pH level higher than 7, which is neutral3. HCl, however, is the bodily acid found in the stomach of human beings.

During exercise, the quickest way to obtain energy (ATP) is through phosphocreatine reserves, but it does not last long enough compared to the others. The following metabolic process is anaerobic oxidation of carbohydrates. Blood glucose or glycogen are used to get glucose-6-phosphate and by glycolysis pyruvate is obtained and this is coverted to acetyl CoA for Krebs Cycle, to obtain ATP. In order to maintain a high level of glycogen storage and maintain it during exercise, diet must be high in carbohydrate.

We investigated phase behaviors of the mixtures of pyrene and model polymers with or without aromatic side groups. The pyrene and polymer mixtures showed two phase behaviors due to crystallization of pyrene. The melting points of pyrene crystals, which define the phase boundary of the mixtures, were conveniently identified using the DSC technique. Among the polymers employed in this study, poly(2-vinylpyridine) is most favorably miscible with pyrene and 1,4-polyisoprene is least favorable. Using the simple Flory-Huggins theory, we extracted the effective interaction parameters between pyrene and model polymers.

The tomato in the meal contains over 95 percent water, which helps to hydrate the body. Every part of the human cell needs water to perform more efficiently. Tomatoes also contains carotenoid lycopene, a substance that has been researched and said to help reduce cancer risks. The jalapenos found in this delicious salsa recipe get their spiciness from a component known as capsaicin, this component increases the body 's ability to burn fat and hence, promotes weight loss making this meal very healthy for people going on weight loss diets. Too much cholesterol is bad for the body, the salsa dish beats this by having no cholesterol.

In everyday metabolism, while our cells are producig the enrgy from basic sugar glucose, in the process called oxidative phosphorylation, it happens that a byproduct of it are free radicals. These are the molecules which contain unpaired electrons. Healthy body responds with it's imune system which eventually neutralizes these molecules, but if it's exposed to oxidative stress for a long period of time, the weakest link or better said the weakest organ will stop working normally. Fruits and vegetables are a rich source of antioxidants and because of that important characteristic, they defend us from free radicals.