The ability to carry out metabolic processes, or the chemical activity that occurs in all living organisms, is essential to maintaining life. The total metabolism of an organism is made up of anabolic and catabolic pathways. Anabolic pathways expend energy to build important molecules. On the other hand, catabolic pathways release energy to break down important molecules. The energy found in in these pathways is from respiration. Respiration is the process by which organisms consume oxygen to create energy. By measuring oxygen consumption, the metabolic rate can be determined because of its correlation to respiration. In this experiment, the rate of oxygen consumption is measured in water using the poikilotherm goldfish. Unlike the body temperature …show more content…
Previous studies on nicotine and metabolic rates indicate that resting metabolic rates of those exposed to nicotine (smokers) and those not exposed to nicotine (nonsmokers) are similar and any differences are insignificant (Perkins). In this experiment, the metabolic rate and oxygen consumption of goldfish will be analyzed in the presence and absence of nicotine. The null hypothesis is that there will be no significant difference in the metabolic rate of goldfish in the presence of nicotine and in the absence of nicotine. The hypothesis is that there will be a significant difference in metabolic rates between goldfish exposed to nicotine and goldfish not exposed to nicotine. Materials and Methods For this experiment, the materials needed include an …show more content…
First of all, improper use of the equipment may have skewed the data. For example, not allowing the probe to warm up or not lowering the plunger lid all the way may affect the experiment. If the plunger is not lowered all the way, oxygen can continue to enter or escape the metabolic chamber. While the data was being collected, it was also noted that the oxygen consumption levels recorded would fluctuate between increasing and decreasing. This may be due to the probe used in this metabolic chamber. Because the probe can only measure oxygen in one spot of the chamber at rather small volumes, the rate of oxygen consumption measured is heavily dependent on where the fish are. Therefore, the data collected for the rate of oxygen consumption may not be accurate. To offset this inaccuracy, a different type of probe can be used and placed on the entire bottom of the chamber rather than the
Based on the results the hypothesis is correct that if tobacco extract is added to food vacuoles that less vacuoles will be visible and cellular process would slow down. The contamination of samples and the use of tetrahymena in which most of the cells in the samples were dead made it difficult to get a ratio of cells to vacuoles that accurately depicted the difference between cells with nicotine and cells without. Factors that affected the accuracy of the experiment was unfamiliarity with the equipment and difficulty of find the cells on the slides. One questions posed is at what concentration of nicotine would other cell functions begin to shut down. From this experiment, we can see that the assumption we made about human appetite suppression could be
The Whale Pump in Review McCarthy (2010) conducted an experiment to determine the effects of marine mammals on the N cycle in the Gulf of Maine. For a long time it was thought marine mammal feces were quickly lost to deep waters due to sinking of the heavy fecal matter but it has been found that marine mammal feces tend to disperse within the euphotic zone instead. These nutrients excreted by marine mammals are concentrated in the surface waters via fecal plumes and greatly contribute to the recycling of nutrients in the euphoric zone, especially nitrogen which is often the limiting nutrient. Feces are often excreted in surface waters by marine mammals due to their dependence on air. They are unlikely to dive deeply unless they are hunting and otherwise tend to stay near the surface.
We went to test how long it would take for the test tube to turn yellow and how much of the yellow liquid would deplete over the 48 hour time span. We filled the test tube with Bromothymol Blue Solution, allowing for the runner to blow into the liquid through a straw. After we completed the exercise part of the experiment, small plants were placed inside the test tubes and the test tubes were sealed away in a dark area. The objective was to see how exercise affects the disposal of carbon dioxide from cellular respiration and how light affects the absorption of carbon dioxide. According to the results, the longest time recorded was when the runner ran for a second time, while the shortest time was when the runner ran for the first time.
Cellular Respiration Aerobic Cellular Respiration is the process by which the cells in our body get energy to carry out their functions. Cellular respiration is necessary for all living things due to the fact that living things are made up of cells and all cells need energy to carry out their functions. It takes place in the mitochondria of mainly eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria are considered the powerhouses of cells due to their high folds of energy. During aerobic respiration, oxygen is always present, which means there is a large amount of energy present.
Electronic Cigarettes: A Risk and Regulatory Analysis Introduction Tobacco smoking is one of the largest preventable causes of chronic disease and premature death in the world today. Despite increased education and scientific research, smoking habits and nicotine addiction persist. It is estimated, for example, that today’s global smoking population stands at one billion, approximately half of whom will experience health problems or premature death as a result of their exposure. Tobacco smoking and disease cause around five million deaths each year, including 700 000 within the European Union and 480 000 within the USA (including deaths from second hand smoke) . It is even estimated that smoking will contribute to one billion tobacco-related
Nicotine is one of the most highly addictive substances in the world. Despite this fact, nicotine can have many positive effects on the human body. These benefits include the prevention of alzheimer 's, the prevention of parkinson’s, and relief from mental illness symptoms. According to Victoria Bekiempis of Newsweek.com, “Nearly 1 in 5 Americans suffer from mental illness each year.”
The human body is mentally and physically evolved for Earth’s habitat. Through survival of the fittest, it has been refined and optimized for the pressurized, warm, and friendly environment of our planet. When a human leaves the safety that Earth and its atmosphere provides, much as a floundering fish out of water, there are consequences. The radiation and lack of gravity lead to possible health problems and the journey itself has a psychological impact on those who undertake it.
The Probability of Electronic Vapors Replacing Conventional Cigarettes Problem As a curious owner of an electronic vapor, for a period of two years, I have gotten familiar with the devices’ structure, and the way it impacts the average human’s lungs. Furthermore, during those two years, I took the liberty of mixing custom vapor liquids, all of which are composed of different quantities of nicotine with a number of different flavors. Tchounwou wrote an article, which The Environmental Research and Public Health later published in March 2015 (Tchounwou, 2015).
According to the latest analysis done by the University of Washington in 2012, the statistics showed that 6.25 trillion people worldwide smoked cigarettes. However, some people will wonder, what does cigarette smoking actually mean? Cigarette smoking is the process of inhaling more than a thousand kinds of chemicals or smoke constituents such as Tar, Nicotine and Carbon Monoxide (CO) into the lungs and all these chemicals will cause harm to the entire body system such as the central nervous system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system as well as digestive system, and in the process, jeopardise one’s health. (“The effects on smoking on the body”, 2014). As time pass, all these chemicals will gradually cause cancer especially lung cancer
How to Quit smoking Smoking is more of a psychological addiction than physical. There is no doubt that the nicotine from the cigarettes helps in giving you a high, which can be highly addictive along with being temporary. When the person decides to give up on nicotine, the body starts craving and later experiences symptoms, which are similar to the symptoms of withdrawal.
Then, tests are performed to determine if the products of aerobic and anaerobic respiration are present in the flasks. The citric acid cycle consists of a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of ATP (Biology). The tests detect the presence of carbon dioxide and ethanol. Carbon dioxide should be present irrespective of the type of respiration taking place, but ethanol is present only if fermentation has occurred. Another factor that can indicate whether fermentation occurred or cellular respiration occurred is the amount of glucose utilized during incubation.
How Does Smoking Affect the Human Body? According to the World Health Organization, approximately 1.1 billion people smoke. China produces and buys the most cigarettes world wide. Many non-smokers are left wondering why with all the research done on the effects of smoking, a lot of people still smoke.
Most studies have traditionally sacrificed relatively large numbers of fish to examine their stomach contents. However, sacrificing fish for food habit studies may cause public relations issues. They may not be a convenient option if study fish which are threatened, endangered, economically valuable, or come from a low density population. Additionally, lethal methods may significantly alter the population structure of fish. Accordingly, a number of nonlethal methods were developed to obtain and analyse the gut content of fish.
Mercury in Fish Mercury, Despite the fact that it is highly toxic, it has been used in widely around the world in situations such as extracting gold and in products such as thermometers. Although the world is working hard to cut down mercury, it remains as a major problem. (Royal Society of Chemistry N.D.) Mercury is an artificial chemical element, a metal created by human beings. It was originally introduced by Spain and was then widely used around the world to extract gold. In modern days, China and Kyrgyzstan produce the most amount of mercury in the world through serving as catalysts in chemical industries and being used in electrical switches and rectifiers.
Basically, catabolism is the energy-releasing mechanism, and anabolism is the energy-absorbing and storing mechanism. Together, they form a healthy