Citation:
Carter, J., Mulder, R., & Darlow, B. (2007). Parental stress in the NICU: the influence of personality, psychological, pregnancy and family factors. Wiley InterScience: Personality and Mental Health, 1(1), 40-50. doi: 10.1002/pmh.4
Purpose of the Study:
The purpose of this study was to first determine factors associated with parental stress with a newborn in the NICU, and then compare these factors and their response between mothers and fathers.
“The objective of this study is to compare sources of NICU stress for mothers and fathers and explore variables associated with NICU stress.” (Background) The parent’s perception of stress (Mother vs father) and the factors that contribute to stress perception were also included.
Conceptual
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Information collected from the structured interview included: current age, highest level of education, any use of mental health professionals during lifetime, any lifetime history of antidepressant treatment, or alcohol or drug treatment, attitude perception regarding the pregnancy, parental role, marital status, pregnancy history (NICU infant), NICU history (previous admissions), and family income
A self-report questioner was administered at the conclusion of the interview. The Parent Stressor Scale: NICU (PSS: NICU) was the measurement of choice. PSS: NICU focuses on measuring parental perceptions of stressors arising from the NICU environment. Four dimensions are emphasized on the questioner including sight and sounds (in the NICU), infant behavior and appearance, staff behavior and communication, and parental role alteration.
Following parental data collection, infant health characteristics were collected. This included infant gestation, weight, current age, and medical diagnosis related to NICU
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Variables were compared between mother and father using McNemars chi-squared, and paired t-tests.
The associations of these variables were tested using linear mixed-model analysis.
Data Analysis:
Analysis of the collected data focused on the Parental Stress Scale: NICU scores and independent variable interpretation.
Study Findings:
The findings of this study yielded that overall mothers found the NICU environment and situation to be more stressful than reported by the fathers.
The mothers had higher scores on all four subscales of the Parental Stress Scale than the fathers did. Both mothers and fathers gave high scores to parental role alterations of having an infant in the NICU, meaning both parents believed this to be the most stressful
Context. Postnatal depression is one of the most frequent difficulties viewed as behavioral issues and mental sickness/problems in women about four to six weeks after giving birth. It’s a major public health issue given its prevalence and impact not only on mothers and babies but also to their households as well. However, untreated postnatal depression is well-known to suffer adverse results such as unfavorable parenting practices and impaired mother-baby bonding, which in return is known to affect rationale and emotional growth of the baby. The gravest, of course, is maternal suicide and infanticide.
Thesis: Dr. Neel Shah adequately conveys his argument by using proper word choice and elements such as personal credibility, expression of emotion, and facts. Throughout the article Are hospitals the safest place for healthy women to have babies? obstetrician, Neel Shah addresses the topic with ease. Dr. Shah not only brings awareness to different arguments, but he expands on them in a way to aid his opposition. Shah doesn’t only provide details and evidence, but he brings an insight to an obstetrician’s point of view.
Evidence base practice (EBP) is a proactive methodology to improving patient care. Nurses are now called upon to research, identify and analyze practice problems so that questions can be answered on how to deliver care. Therefore, the translation of research into practice require strategies such as protocol and guideline to disseminate EBP within an organization (Yoder-Wise, 2015). By researching barriers to breastfeeding in the neonatal intensive care (NICU), policy changes are noted to be indicated.
Overall, parental stress is most likely to lesson when infants are identified before three months of age (Yoshinaga-Itano & Gravel,
Lois Ecker, CLC, CPD’s newborn care specialties include multiples/preemies, adoptive/surrogate situations, special needs babies- medical and developmental, early
The assessment of risk is a critical part of child welfare advocacy. The review of instruments of different instruments for assessing risk and safety in child welfare focuses on instrument reliability, validity, outcomes, and use with children and families of color. The evaluation of risk assessment instruments generally includes broad categories of areas related to abuse and neglect, behavioral descriptions, procedures to determine levels of risk, and standardized forms to record this information (Rycus & Hughes, 2003). In the process of screening for a case study, instruments are used to determine if the child or family needs further assessment, treatment, or intervention services. In evaluating the Van Sise family I have found that the following
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Bringing home your newborn is an incredibly exciting time - but what do you do next? There's no hospital buzzer to press for help and advice; no midwife standing by to encourage you and teach you new skills - it's time to discover your own parenting journey. As a new parent you now discover a depth to the swirling emotions of anxiety, excitement, fear, joy, uncertainty and disbelief that you have never experienced before. Your baby is thriving and settled but you find yourself checking on her every few minutes.
The babies were visited monthly and the carers were also observed and interviewed. A diary was also kept by the primary care giver (usually the mother) three measure were recorded. The first was stranger anxiety – the response to the arrival of a stranger, the second was separation anxiety – the distress levels when separated from the career and the degree of comfort upon their return and finally social referencing – the degree that the child looks at the carer to check how they should respond to something new (this is referred to as secure base). They discovered that a baby’s attachment follows in this sequence. • 0-6 weeks – Asocial –
Newborn infants who are born with severe medical conditions and disorders are placed in the NICU to be cared for. The NICU Nurse has to be at the baby’s bed side twenty-four/seven administering medicine, drawing blood, performing tests, and starting IV lines. They are responsible for running all sorts of tests
Thus, suggesting that caregiver relationships are crucial to children’s psychological and physical survival. As infants are unable to verbalize their thoughts, crying is used as a means of communication and interaction between the infant and caregiver. Caring for an Infant
H., Lyons-Ruth, K. (2005). Differential attachment responses of male and female infants to frightening maternal behavior: Tend or befriend versus fight or flight?. Infant Mental Health Journal, 26(1), 1-18. Taylor, S. E., Klein, L. C., Lewis, B. P., Gruenewald, T. L., Gurung, R. R., & Updegraff, J. A. (2000). Biobehavioral Responses to Stress in Women: Tend-and-Befriend, Not Fight-or-Flight.
In the United States, preterm birth has been on a steady increase, because we now have the medical technology to keep very small underdeveloped babies alive. Treating complications from preterm birth can be very expensive, but more affordable alternatives are currently being researched. One of the most promising is receptive music therapy, a brand of therapy that is flexible in that it can actively involve the family of the NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) baby; currently, it’s spreading to NICUs around the nation. Some specialists advocate for using the mother’s voice and heartbeat, as well as the father’s voice, and familial music taste. Because it allows and encourages the attachment of parents and child and directly involves the parents, music therapy is uniquely beneficial to familial emotional health and offers a human touch along with proven medical benefits.
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The arrival of a new baby, especially the first always marks a new beginning for a mother. It comes with a lot of challenges more so if the mother is less knowledgeable about baby care. Take such as cleaning the baby for the first time, or feeding, it is not easy. The baby is still fragile and slippery and needs a special care. But if the mother is not ready for all these, or maybe, does not have any knowledge on what to do, the baby’s life might be endangered since the baby needs a special care which only the mother can give.